Liquid fabric enhancers comprising branched polyester molecules

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to fabric cleaning and/or treatment compositions as well as methods of making and using same. Such fabric cleaning and/or treatment compositions contain species of glyceride copolymers that have the required viscosity and lubricity. Thus, such species of glyceride copolymers provide improved softening performance and formula ability.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to liquid fabric enhancers as well as methods of making and using same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Quaternary ammonium softeners are popularly used as softening actives in liquid fabric enhancers to soften fabrics. Unfortunately, these current softening actives have several drawbacks which include a narrow pH formulation window, less than desirable stability and/or softening performance. In an effort to alleviate such drawbacks, new softening actives continue to be developed. These include polymeric softening agents like silicone and polyethylene waxes. These softening actives deliver superior performance compared to conventional quaternary ammonium compounds. However, such softening actives are expensive, difficult to process and often not biodegradable.

Applicants recognized that the aforementioned drawbacks are due to one or more of the following factors: hydrolytic stability and lack of compatibility with anionic materials such as anionic surfactants for quaternary ammonium compounds; excessively high molecular weights and the high viscosity of the polymeric softening actives makes them difficult to process and dispose of. Further, synthetically derived polymeric materials are not as biodegradable as desired.

Applicants recognized that the branched polyester polymers disclosed in the present specification have the required molecular weight, iodine value and lubricity to allow them to serve as softening actives in a liquid fabric enhancer. When combined with certain fabric and home care ingredients, such branched polyester polymers can result in a liquid fabric enhancer that exhibits synergistic performance gains. Furthermore, branched polyester polymers of the type disclosed herein are easier to emulsify and process into a liquid fabric enhancer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to liquid fabric enhances as well as methods of making and using same. Such liquid fabric enhancers contain branched polyester polymers that have the required molecular weight, iodine value and lubricity. Thus, such branched polyester polymers provide unexpectedly improved softening performance and formula ability.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions

As used herein, the number of carbon atoms in any group or compound can be represented by the terms: “C_(z)”, which refers to a group of compounds having z carbon atoms; and “C_(x-y)”, which refers to a group or compound containing from x to y, inclusive, carbon atoms. For example, “C₁₋₆ alkyl” represents an alkyl chain having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and, for example, includes, but is not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, and n-hexyl. As a further example, a “C₄₋₁₀ alkene” refers to an alkene molecule having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and, for example, includes, but is not limited to, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3-hexene, 1-heptene, 3-heptene, 1-octene, 4-octene, 1-nonene, 4-nonene, and 1-decene.

As used herein, “alkyl” refers to a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be optionally substituted, as herein further described, with multiple degrees of substitution being allowed. Examples of “alkyl,” as used herein, include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, and 2-ethylhexyl. The number of carbon atoms in an alkyl group is represented by the phrase “C_(x-y) alkyl,” which refers to an alkyl group, as herein defined, containing from x to y, inclusive, carbon atoms. Thus, “C₁₋₆ alkyl” represents an alkyl chain having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and, for example, includes, but is not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, and n-hexyl. In some instances, the “alkyl” group can be divalent, in which case the group can alternatively be referred to as an “alkylene” group.

As used herein, “alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched chain non-aromatic hydrocarbon having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, which may be optionally substituted, as herein further described, with multiple degrees of substitution being allowed. Examples of “alkenyl,” as used herein, include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, and 3-butenyl. The number of carbon atoms in an alkenyl group is represented by the phrase “C_(x-y) alkenyl,” which refers to an alkenyl group, as herein defined, containing from x to y, inclusive, carbon atoms. Thus, “C₂₋₆ alkenyl” represents an alkenyl chain having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and, for example, includes, but is not limited to, ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, and 3-butenyl. In some instances, the “alkenyl” group can be divalent, in which case the group can alternatively be referred to as an “alkenylene” group.

As used herein, “direct bond” refers to an embodiment where the identified moiety is absent from the structure, and is replaced by a bond between other moieties to which it is connected. For example, if the specification or claims recite A-D-E and D is defined as a direct bond, the resulting structure is A-E.

As used herein, “substituted” refers to substitution of one or more hydrogen atoms of the designated moiety with the named substituent or substituents, multiple degrees of substitution being allowed unless otherwise stated, provided that the substitution results in a stable or chemically feasible compound. A stable compound or chemically feasible compound is one in which the chemical structure is not substantially altered when kept at a temperature from about −80° C. to about +40° C., in the absence of moisture or other chemically reactive conditions, for at least a week. As used herein, the phrases “substituted with one or more . . . ” or “substituted one or more times . . . ” refer to a number of substituents that equals from one to the maximum number of substituents possible based on the number of available bonding sites, provided that the above conditions of stability and chemical feasibility are met.

As used herein, the various functional groups represented will be understood to have a point of attachment at the functional group having the hyphen or dash (-) or an asterisk (*). In other words, in the case of —CH₂CH₂CH₃, it will be understood that the point of attachment is the CH₂ group at the far left. If a group is recited without an asterisk or a dash, then the attachment point is indicated by the plain and ordinary meaning of the recited group.

As used herein, multi-atom bivalent species are to be read from left to right. For example, if the specification or claims recite A-D-E and D is defined as —OC(O)—, the resulting group with D replaced is: A-OC(O)-E and not A-C(O)O-E.

As used herein, the articles including “a” and “an” when used in a claim, are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or described.

As used herein, the terms “include”, “includes” and “including” are meant to be non-limiting.

Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels are in reference to the active portion of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources of such components or compositions.

All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated. All percentages and ratios are calculated based on the total composition unless otherwise indicated with the proviso that the sum of the percentage of all ingredients for a respective mixture/formula cannot exceed or be less than 100%.

It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.

Branched Polyesters and Liquid Fabric Enhancers Comprising Same

-   A) A branched polyester having:     -   I) Formula 1

-   -   -   wherein:             -   a) the index n is an integer from 1 to about 100,                 preferably the index n is an integer from 4 to about 40,                 more preferably the index n is an integer from 5 to                 about 20;             -   b) T is a hydrogen or —C(O)—R₁ where in R₁ is an alkyl                 chain comprising from 7 to 21 carbon atoms, preferably                 R₁ is an alkyl chain comprising from 11 to 17 carbon                 atoms;             -   c) each A is independently a branched hydrocarbon chain                 comprising from 4 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 12                 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 17 carbon atoms;             -   d) Y is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and                 NR₂, wherein each R₂ is independently selected from the                 group consisting of hydrogen, or a C₁-C₈ alkyl,                 preferably, Y is selected from —O— and

-   -   -   -   e) Q is selected from the group consisting of:                 -   i) —B                 -   ii) —Z—X—Z—W, and                 -   iii) —V—U—Z—X—Z—W                 -   preferably, Q is selected from the group consisting                     of:                 -   i) —B, and                 -   ii) —Z—X—Z—W             -   wherein             -   B is a substituted C₁-C₂₄ alkyl group, preferably said                 substituents are selected from the group consisting of                 hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary                 amine, quaternary ammonium group and mixtures thereof,                 more preferably B comprises from 1 to 4 substituents                 selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, primary                 amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine, quaternary                 ammonium group and mixtures thereof;             -   each Z is independently a substituted or unsubstituted                 divalent C₂-C₄₀ alkylene radical, preferably each Z is                 independently a substituted or unsubstituted divalent                 C₂-C₂₀ alkylene, most preferably each Z is independently                 selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   -   -   -   wherein * signifies a bond of the said Z moiety to a                     X moiety of said branched polyester;                 -   each R₂ is independently selected from the group                     consisting of hydrogen or a C₁-C₈ alkyl;                 -   each R₆ is independently selected from the group                     consisting of hydrogen, or a C₁-C₃ alkyl, preferably                     a hydrogen or methyl;                 -   each s is independently an integer from about 2 to                     about 8, preferably each s is independently an                     integer from about 2 to about 4;                 -   each w is independently an integer from 1 to about                     20, preferably each w is independently an integer                     from 1 to about 10, more preferably each w is                     independently an integer from 1 to about 8;

            -   X is polysiloxane moiety, preferably X has the formula

-   -   -   -   -   wherein each R₃ is independently selected from the                     group consisting of H; C₁-C₃₂ alkyl; C₁-C₃₂                     substituted alkyl, C₅-C₃₂ or C₆-C₃₂ aryl, C₅-C₃₂ or                     C₆-C₃₂ substituted aryl; C₆-C₃₂ alkylaryl, C₆-C₃₂                     substituted alkylaryl, and C₁-C₃₂ alkoxy moieties,                     preferably each R₃ is independently selected from H;                     C₁-C₁₆ alkyl; C₁-C₁₆ substituted alkyl substituted                     with amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl or polyether                     moieties, most preferably, each R₃ is independently                     selected from H, methyl and methoxy groups; and                 -   j is an integer from 5 to about 1000, preferably j                     is an integer from about 10 to 500, more preferably                     j is an integer from about 20 to 300;                 -    W is selected from the group consisting of —OR₄,

-   -   -   -   -    each R₂ is independently selected from the group                     consisting of hydrogen or a C₁-C₈ alkyl;                 -    R₄ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₄ alkyl                     group or a substituted C₁-C₂₄ alkyl group,                     preferably said substituents being from 1 to 4                     functional moieties selected from the group                     consisting of hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary                     amine, tertiary amine, quaternary ammonium group and                     mixtures thereof, C₅-C₃₂ or C₆-C₃₂ aryl, C₅-C₃₂ or                     C₆-C₃₂ substituted aryl; C₆-C₃₂ alkylaryl, and                     C₆-C₃₂ substituted alkylaryl, preferably R₄ is                     selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₄ alkyl group                     or a substituted C₁-C₂₄ alkyl group, preferably said                     substituents being from 1 to 4 functional moieties                     selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl,                     primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine,                     quaternary ammonium group and mixtures thereof;                 -   V is a C₁-C₂₄ divalent alkylene radical or a                     substituted C₁-C₂₄ divalent alkylene, preferably                     said substituents being from 1 to 4 functional                     moieties selected from the group consisting of                     hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary                     amine, quaternary ammonium group and mixtures                     thereof;                 -   U is —C(O)O— or —C(O)NH—; and/or

    -   II) Formula 2

-   -   -   wherein:             -   a) each index n is independently an integer from 1 to                 about 100;             -   b) T is a hydrogen atom or —C(O)—R₁ where in R₁ is an                 alkyl chain comprising from 7 to 21 carbon atoms,                 preferably from 11 to 17 carbon atoms;             -   c) each A is independently a branched hydrocarbon chain                 comprising from 4 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 12                 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 17 carbon atoms;             -   d) each Y is independently selected from the group                 consisting of oxygen and NR₂, wherein each R₂ is                 independently selected from the group consisting of                 hydrogen or a C₁-C₈ alkyl;             -   e) M is selected from the group consisting of:                 -   i) a C₁-C₂₄ divalent linear or branched alkylene                     radical, preferably said C₁-C₂₄ divalent linear or                     branched alkylene radical comprises one to four                     functional groups selected from the group consisting                     of hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine,                     tertiary amine, quaternary ammonium group and                     mixtures thereof; more preferably said C₁-C₂₄                     divalent linear or branched alkylene radical has the                     formula:

-   -   -   -   -    wherein each R₂ is independently selected from the                     group consisting of hydrogen or a C₁-C₈ alkyl; each                     s is independently an integer from about 2 to about                     10, preferably each s is independently an integer                     from about 2 to about 8, more preferably each s is                     independently an integer from about 2 to about 4; y                     is an integer from about 1 to about 20;                 -   ii) —Z—X—Z—, and                 -   iii) -(D-U—Z—X—Z—U)_(m)-D-                 -    wherein:                 -    m is an integer from 1 to about 10;                 -    each Z is independently a substituted or                     unsubstituted divalent C₂-C₄₀ alkylene radical,                     preferably each Z is independently a substituted or                     unsubstituted divalent C₂-C₂₀ alkylene, most                     preferably each Z is independently selected from the                     group consisting of:

-   -   -   -   -    wherein * signifies a bond of the said Z moiety to                     a X moiety of said branched polyester;                 -    each R₂ is independently selected from the group                     consisting of hydrogen or a C₁-C₈ alkyl;                 -    each R₆ is independently selected from the group                     consisting of hydrogen, or a C₁-C₃ alkyl, preferably                     a hydrogen or methyl;                 -    each s is independently an integer from about 2 to                     about 8, preferably each s is independently an                     integer from about 2 to about 4;                 -    each w is independently an integer from 1 to about                     20, preferably each w is independently an integer                     from 1 to about 10, more preferably each w is                     independently an integer from 1 to about 8;                 -    X is polysiloxane moiety, preferably X has the                     formula:

-   -   -   -   -    wherein each R₃ is independently selected from the                     group consisting of H; C₁-C₃₂ alkyl; C₁-C₃₂                     substituted alkyl, C₅-C₃₂ or C₆-C₃₂ aryl, C₅-C₃₂ or                     C₆-C₃₂ substituted aryl; C₆-C₃₂ alkylaryl, C₆-C₃₂                     substituted alkylaryl, and C₁-C₃₂ alkoxy moieties,                     preferably each R₃ is independently selected from H;                     C₁-C₁₆ alkyl; C₁-C₁₆ substituted alkyl substituted                     with amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl or polyether                     moieties, most preferably, each R3 is independently                     selected from H, methyl and methoxy groups; and                 -    j is an integer from 5 to about 1000, preferably j                     is an integer from about 20 to 500;                 -    U is —C(O)O— or —C(O)NH—; and                 -    each D is independently a C₁-C₂₄ divalent linear or                     branched alkylene radical, the said alkylene radical                     preferably said C₁-C₂₄ divalent linear or branched                     alkylene radical comprises one to four functional                     groups selected from the group consisting of                     hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary                     amine, quaternary ammonium group and mixtures                     thereof; more preferably said C₁-C₂₄ divalent linear                     or branched alkylene radical has the formula:

-   -   -   -   -    wherein each R₂ is independently selected from the                     group consisting of hydrogen or a C₁-C₈ alkyl; each                     s is independently an integer from about 2 to about                     10, preferably each s is independently an integer                     from about 2 to about 8, more preferably each s is                     independently an integer from about 2 to about 4; y                     is an integer from about 1 to about 20;

        -   is disclosed.

-   B) A branched polyester polymer according to Paragraph A) wherein     said branched polyester polymers having Formula 1 and Formula 2 each     have a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 g/mol to     about 400,000 g/mol, preferably from about 1000 g/mol to about     200,000 g/mol, more preferably from about 1000 g/mol to about 60,000     g/mol, most preferably from about 1000 g/mol to about 40,000 g/mol     is disclosed.

-   C) A branched polyester polymer according to Paragraphs A) through     B), wherein each A of said branched polyester polymers is     independently a branched hydrocarbon with the structure

-   -   wherein each R₇ is a monovalent alkyl or substituted alkyl group         and R₈ is an unsaturated or saturated divalent alkylene radical         comprising from 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably each R₇         is a monovalent alkyl radical comprising 6 carbon atoms and each         R₈ is an unsaturated or saturated divalent alkylene radical         comprising 10 carbon atoms is disclosed.

-   D) A branched polyester polymer according to Paragraphs A) through     C), wherein each A of said branched polyester polymers has the     structure:

-   -   is disclosed.

-   E) A branched polyester polymer according to Paragraphs A)     through D) wherein said branched polyester polymers each have an     iodine value from about 0 to about 90, preferably from about 0.4 to     about 50 and most preferably from about 1 to about 30 is disclosed.

-   F) A liquid fabric enhancer comprising, based on total liquid fabric     enhancer weight, from about 1% to about 50%, preferably from about     1% to about 40%, more preferably from about 3% to about 35%, most     preferably from 4% to 30% of a branched polyester according to any     of Paragraphs A) through E) and mixtures thereof is disclosed.

-   G) The liquid fabric enhancer according to Paragraph F), said liquid     fabric enhancer having a pH of from about 2 to about 5, preferably     from about 2 to about 4 is disclosed.

-   H) A liquid fabric enhancer according to Paragraphs F) or G), said     liquid fabric enhancer comprising, based on total liquid fabric     enhancer weight, from about 1% to 50%, preferably 2% to about 30%,     more preferably from about 3% to about 20%, most preferably 3% to     about 15% of a fabric softener active, preferably said fabric     softening active is a quaternary ammonium ester of the following     formula:

{R2(4−m)-N+-[X—Y—R1]m}A-

-   -   wherein:         -   m is 1, 2 or 3 with proviso that the value of each m is             identical;         -   each R1 is independently hydrocarbyl, or branched             hydrocarbyl group, preferably R1 is linear, more preferably             R1 is partially unsaturated linear alkyl chain;         -   each R2 is independently a C₁-C₃ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl             group, preferably R2 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl,             hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 1-methyl-2 hydroxyethyl,             poly(C₂-C₃¬alkoxy), polyethoxy, benzyl;         -   each X is independently —(CH₂)n-, —CH₂—CH(CH₃)— or             —CH—(CH₃)—CH₂— and         -   each n is independently 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably each n is             2;         -   each Y is independently —O—(O)C— or —C(O)—O—;         -   A- is independently selected from the group consisting of             chloride, methyl sulfate, and ethyl sulfate, preferably A-             is selected from the group consisting of chloride and methyl             sulfate, more preferably A- is methyl sulfate;         -   with the proviso that when Y is —O—(O)C—, the sum of carbons             in each R1 is from 13 to 21, preferably from 13 to 19, more             preferably said fabric softening active is selected from the             group consisting of ester quats, amide quats, imidazoline             quats, alkyl quats, amidoester quats and combinations             thereof, most preferably said fabric softening active is             selected from the group consisting of monoester quats,             diester quats, triester quats and mixtures thereof, most             preferably, said fabric softening active is selected from             the group consisting of             bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-dimethylammonium methylsulphate fatty             acid ester, 1,2-dnacyloxy)-3-trimethylammoniopropane             chloride, N, N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium             chloride, N,N-bis(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,N-dimethyl ammonium             chloride, N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl)N-(2             hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl ammonium methylsulfate,             N,N-bis-(stearoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium             methylsulphate,             N,N-bis-(tallowoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium             methylsulphate,             N,N-bis-(palmitoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium             methylsulphate,             N,N-bis-(stearoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium             chloride, 1, 2 di (stearoyl-oxy) 3 trimethyl ammoniumpropane             chloride, dicanoladimethylammonium chloride,             di(hard)tallowdimethylammonium chloride             dicanoladimethylammonium methylsulfate, Dipalmethyl             Hydroxyethylammonium Methosulfate and mixtures thereof is             disclosed.

-   I) A liquid fabric enhancer according to any of Paragraphs F)     through H), said liquid fabric enhancer comprising, based on total     liquid fabric enhancer weight, a material selected from the group     consisting of one or more of the following:     -   a) from about 0.001% to about 15% of an anionic surfactant         scavenger;     -   b) from about 0.01% to about 10%, of a delivery enhancing agent;     -   c) from about 0.005% to about 30% of a perfume;     -   d) from about 0.005% to about 30% of a perfume delivery system,         preferably a perfume capsule, more preferably a perfume capsule         comprising a shell and a core comprising perfume, said shell         encapsulating said core, said shell comprising a polyacrylate         and/or an aminoplast, most preferably said perfume capsule has         diameter of from about 1 micron to 200 microns or from 1 micron         to 100 microns;     -   e) from about 0.0001% to about 10% of a hueing dye;     -   f) from about 0.0001% to about 10% of a dye transfer inhibiting         agent;     -   g) from about 0.01% to about 20% of a structurant;     -   h) from about 0.05% to about 20% of a fabric care benefit agent;     -   i) from about 0.05% to about 10% a surfactant;     -   j) a carrier; and     -   k) mixtures thereof.

-   J. A liquid fabric enhancer according to Paragraph I) wherein:     -   a) said anionic surfactant scavenger comprises a water soluble         cationic and/or zwitterionic scavenger compound;     -   b) said delivery enhancing agent comprises a material selected         from the group consisting of a cationic polymer having a charge         density from about 0.05 milliequivalent/g to about 23         milliequivalent per gram of polymer, an amphoteric polymer         having a charge density from about 0.05 milliequivalent/g to         about 23 milliequivalent per gram of polymer, a protein having a         charge density from about 0.05 milliequivalent/g to about 23         milliequivalent per gram of protein and mixtures thereof;     -   c) said perfume delivery system is selected from the group         consisting of Polymer Assisted Delivery system,         Molecule-Assisted Delivery system, Cyclodextrin system, Starch         Encapsulated Accord system, Zeolite & Inorganic Carrier system,         and mixtures thereof     -   d) said hueing dye comprising a moiety selected the group         consisting of acridine, anthraquinone, azine, azo, benzodifurane         and benzodifuranone, carotenoid, coumarin, cyanine,         diazahemicyanine, diphenylmethane, formazan, hemicyanine,         indigoid, methane, naphthalimide, naphthoquinone, nitro and         nitroso, oxazine, phthalocyanine, pyrazole, stilbene, styryl,         triarylmethane, triphenylmethane, xanthene and mixtures thereof;     -   e) said dye transfer inhibiting agent is selected from the group         consisting polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide         polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole,         polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinylimidazoles or mixtures         thereof;     -   f) said structurant is selected from the group consisting of         hydrogenated castor oil, gellan gum, starches, derivatized         starches, carrageenan, guar gum, pectin, xanthan gum, modified         celluloses, microcrystalline celluloses modified proteins,         hydrogenated polyalkylenes, non-hydrogenated polyalkenes,         inorganic salts, clay, homo- and co-polymers comprising cationic         monomers selected from the group consisting of         N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methyl         methacrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate,         N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide,         N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, quaternized         N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, quaternized         N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methyl methacrylate, quaternized         N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, quaternized         N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, quaternized         N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, and mixtures thereof;     -   g) said fabric care benefit agent is selected from the group         consisting of polyglycerol esters, oily sugar derivatives, wax         emulsions, silicones, polyisobutylene, polyolefins and mixtures         thereof;     -   h) said surfactant is selected from the group consisting of,         nonionic surfactants, ampholytic surfactants, cationic         surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof     -   i) said carrier is selected from the group consisting of water,         1,2-propanediol, hexylene glycol, ethanol, isopropanol,         glycerol, C₁-C₄ alkanolamines, salts, sugars, polyalkylene         oxides; polyethylene glycols; polypropylene oxide, and mixtures         thereof.

-   K. A liquid fabric enhancer according to Paragraph J) wherein:     -   a) said anionic surfactant scavenger is selected from the group         consisting of monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, amine         precursors of monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, dialkyl         quaternary ammonium compounds, and amine precursors of dialkyl         quaternary ammonium compounds, polyquaternary ammonium         compounds, amine precursors of polyquaternary ammonium         compounds, and mixtures thereof;     -   b) said delivery enhancing agent is selected from the group         consisting of cationic polysaccharides, polyethyleneimine and         its derivatives, polyamidoamines and homopolymers, copolymers         and terpolymers made from one or more cationic monomers selected         from the group consisting of N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate,         N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methyl methacrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl         acrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide,         N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, quaternized         N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, quaternized         N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methyl methacrylate, quaternized         N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, quaternized         N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, quaternized         N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, vinylamine and its         derivatives, allylamine and its derivatives, vinyl imidazole,         quaternized vinyl imidazole and diallyl dialkyl ammonium         chloride and combinations thereof, and optionally a second         monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylamide,         N,N-dialkyl acrylamide, methacrylamide,         N,N-dialkylmethacrylamide, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl acrylate, C₁-C₁₂         hydroxyalkyl acrylate, polyalkylene glyol acrylate, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl         methacrylate, C₁-C₁₂hydroxyalkyl methacrylate, polyalkylene         glycol methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, vinyl         formamide, vinyl acetamide, vinyl alkyl ether, vinyl pyridine,         vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl imidazole and derivatives, acrylic         acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid,         styrene sulfonic acid, acrylamidopropylmethane sulfonic acid         (AMPS) and their salts, and combinations thereof.

Process of Making Branched Polyesters and Liquid Fabric Enhancers Comprising Same

The branched polyesters and liquid fabric enhancers disclosed and claimed herein can be made in accordance with the examples contained herein.

Liquid Fabric Enhancer Materials

Materials that are useful in the liquid fabric enhancers of the present invention include: surfactants, delivery enhancing agents, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, and enzyme stabilizers, polymeric dispersing agents, clay and soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, additional perfumes and perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, fabric softener actives, fabric care benefit agents, anionic surfactant scavengers, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, structurants, anti-agglomeration agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers and/or pigments. Other embodiments of Applicants' compositions do not contain one or more of the following adjuncts materials: bleach activators, surfactants, delivery enhancing agents, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersing agents, clay and soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, additional perfumes and perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, fabric softener actives, fabric care benefit agents, anionic surfactant scavengers, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, structurants, anti-agglomeration agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers and/or pigments. The precise nature of these additional components, and levels of incorporation thereof, will depend on the physical form of the composition and the nature of the operation for which it is to be used. However, when one or more adjuncts are present, such one or more adjuncts may be present as detailed below. The following is a non-limiting list of suitable additional adjuncts.

Delivery Enhancing Agent:

The compositions may comprise from about 0.01% to about 10% of the composition of a delivery enhancing agent. As used herein, such term refers to any polymer or combination of polymers that significantly enhance the deposition of the fabric care benefit agent onto the fabric during laundering. Preferably, delivery enhancing agent may be a cationic or amphoteric polymer. The cationic charge density of the polymer ranges from about 0.05 milliequivalents/g to about 23 milliequivalents/g. The charge density may be calculated by dividing the number of net charge per repeating unit by the molecular weight of the repeating unit. In one aspect, the charge density varies from about 0.05 milliequivalents/g to about 8 milliequivalents/g. The positive charges could be on the backbone of the polymers or the side chains of polymers. For polymers with amine monomers, the charge density depends on the pH of the carrier. For these polymers, charge density may be measured at a pH of 7. Non-limiting examples of deposition enhancing agents are cationic or amphoteric, polysaccharides, proteins and synthetic polymers. Cationic polysaccharides include cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic guar gum derivatives, chitosan and derivatives and cationic starches. Cationic polysaccharides have a molecular weight from about 50,000 to about 2 million, preferably from about 100,000 to about 1,500,000. Suitable cationic polysaccharides include cationic cellulose ethers, particularly cationic hydroxyethylcellulose and cationic hydroxypropylcellulose. Examples of cationic hydroxyalkyl cellulose include those with the INCI name Polyquaternium10 such as those sold under the trade names Ucare Polymer JR 30M, JR 400, JR 125, LR 400 and LK 400 polymers; Polyquaternium 67 such as those sold under the trade name Softcat SK TM, all of which are marketed by Amerchol Corporation, Edgewater N.J.; and Polyquaternium 4 such as those sold under the trade name Celquat H200 and Celquat L-200 available from National Starch and Chemical Company, Bridgewater, N.J. Other suitable polysaccharides include Hydroxyethyl cellulose or hydoxypropylcellulose quaternized with glycidyl C₁₂-C₂₂ alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. Examples of such polysaccharides include the polymers with the INCI names Polyquaternium 24 such as those sold under the trade name Quaternium LM 200 by Amerchol Corporation, Edgewater N.J. Cationic starches refer to starch that has been chemically modified to provide the starch with a net positive charge in aqueous solution at pH 3. This chemical modification includes, but is not limited to, the addition of amino and/or ammonium group(s) into the starch molecules. Non-limiting examples of these ammonium groups may include substituents such as trimethylhydroxypropyl ammonium chloride, dimethylstearylhydroxypropyl ammonium chloride, or dimethyldodecylhydroxypropyl ammonium chloride. The source of starch before chemical modification can be chosen from a variety of sources including tubers, legumes, cereal, and grains. Non-limiting examples of this source of starch may include corn starch, wheat starch, rice starch, waxy corn starch, oat starch, cassaya starch, waxy barley, waxy rice starch, glutenous rice starch, sweet rice starch, amioca, potato starch, tapioca starch, oat starch, sago starch, sweet rice, or mixtures thereof. Nonlimiting examples of cationic starches include cationic maize starch, cationic tapioca, cationic potato starch, or mixtures thereof. The cationic starches may comprise amylase, amylopectin, or maltodextrin. The cationic starch may comprise one or more additional modifications. For example, these modifications may include cross-linking, stabilization reactions, phophorylations, hydrolyzations, cross-linking. Stabilization reactions may include alkylation and esterification. Suitable cationic starches for use in the present compositions are commercially-available from Cerestar under the trade name C*BOND® and from National Starch and Chemical Company under the trade name CATO® 2A. Cationic galactomannans include cationic guar gums or cationic locust bean gum. An example of a cationic guar gum is a quaternary ammonium derivative of Hydroxypropyl Guar such as those sold under the trade name Jaguar C13 and Jaguar Excel available from Rhodia, Inc of Cranbury N.J. and N-Hance by Aqualon, Wilmington, Del.

In one aspect, a synthetic cationic polymer may be used as the delivery enhancing agent. The molecular weight of these polymers may be in the range of from about 2,000 to about 5 million kD. Synthetic polymers include synthetic addition polymers of the general structure

wherein each R¹¹ may be independently hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, —OR_(e), or —C(O)OR_(e) wherein R_(e) may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁-C₂₄ alkyl, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, R¹¹ may be hydrogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl, or —OR_(e), or —C(O)OR_(e)

wherein each R¹² may be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, —OR_(e), substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, carbocyclic, heterocyclic, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, R¹² may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl, and combinations thereof.

Each Z may be independently hydrogen, halogen; linear or branched C₁-C₃₀ alkyl, nitrilo, N(R¹³)₂ —C(O)N(R¹³)₂; —NHCHO (formamide); —OR¹³, —O(CH₂)_(n)N(R¹³)₂, —O(CH₂)_(n)N⁺(R¹³)₃X⁻, —C(O)OR¹⁴; —C(O)N—(R¹³)₂; —C(O)O(CH₂)_(n)N(R¹³)₂, —C(O)O(CH₂)_(n)N⁺(R¹³)₃X, —OCO(CH₂)_(n)N(R¹³)₂, —OCO(CH₂)_(n)N⁺(R¹³)₃X⁻, —C(O)NH(CH₂)_(n)N(R¹³)₂, —C(O)NH(CH₂)_(n)N⁺(R¹³)₃X⁻, —(CH₂)_(n)N(R¹³)₂, —(CH₂)_(n)N⁺(R¹³)₃X⁻,

Each R¹³ may be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁-C₂₄ alkyl, C₂-C₈ hydroxyalkyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, and combinations thereof;

Each R¹⁴ may be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁-C₂₄ alkyl,

-   -   wherein m is 0 to 1,000, and R¹⁵ may be independently selected         from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, and         combinations thereof;     -   and combinations thereof.

X may be a water-soluble anion wherein n may be from about 1 to about 6.

Z may also be selected from the group consisting of non-aromatic nitrogen heterocycles containing a quaternary ammonium ion, heterocycles containing an N-oxide moiety, aromatic nitrogens containing heterocycles wherein one or more or the nitrogen atoms may be quaternized; aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles wherein at least one nitrogen may be an N-oxide; and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of addition polymerizing monomers comprising a heterocyclic Z unit includes 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-vinylimidazole, quaternized vinyl imidazole, 2-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene1,2-epoxide, and 2-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylpyridine N-oxide, 4-vinylpyridine N-oxide.

A non-limiting example of a Z unit which can be made to form a cationic charge in situ may be the —NHCHO unit, formamide. The formulator can prepare a polymer or co-polymer comprising formamide units some of which are subsequently hydrolyzed to form vinyl amine equivalents.

The polymers or co-polymers may also contain one or more cyclic polymer units derived from cyclically polymerizing monomers. An example of a cyclically polymerizing monomer is dimethyl diallyl ammonium.

Suitable copolymers may be made from one or more cationic monomers selected from the group consisting of N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methyl methacrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methyl methacrylate, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, vinylamine and its derivatives, allylamine and its derivatives, vinyl imidazole, quaternized vinyl imidazole and diallyl dialkyl ammonium chloride and combinations thereof, and optionally a second monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, N,N-dialkyl acrylamide, methacrylamide, N,N-dialkylmethacrylamide, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl acrylate, C₁-C₁₂ hydroxyalkyl acrylate, polyalkylene glyol acrylate, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl methacrylate, C₁-C₁₂ hydroxyalkyl methacrylate, polyalkylene glycol methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, vinyl formamide, vinyl acetamide, vinyl alkyl ether, vinyl pyridine, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl imidazole and derivatives, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxy-1-propane-sulfonic acid (HAPS) and their salts, allyl sulfonic acid and their salts, maleic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, acrylamidopropylmethane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and their salts, and combinations thereof. The polymer may optionally be cross-linked. Suitable crosslinking monomers include ethylene glycoldiacrylate, divinylbenzene, and butadiene.

In one aspect, the synthetic polymers are poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly(acrylamide-methacrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride), poly(acrylamide-co-N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate), poly(acrylamide-co-N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate), poly(hydroxyethylacrylate-co-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate), poly(hydroxpropylacrylate-co-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate), poly(hydroxpropylacrylate-co-methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride), poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride-co-acrylic acid), poly(acrylamide-methacrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride-co-acrylic acid). Examples of other suitable synthetic polymers are Polyquaternium-1, Polyquaternium-5, Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-8, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium-14, Polyquaternium-22, Polyquaternium-28, Polyquaternium-30, Polyquaternium-32 and Polyquaternium-33.

Other cationic polymers include polyethyleneamine and its derivatives and polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) Resins. In one aspect, the polyethylene derivative may be an amide derivative of polyetheylenimine sold under the trade name Lupasol SK. Also included are alkoxylated polyethlenimine; alkyl polyethyleneimine and quaternized polyethyleneimine. These polymers are described in Wet Strength resins and their applications edited by L. L. Chan, TAPPI Press (1994). The weight-average molecular weight of the polymer will generally be from about 10,000 to about 5,000,000, or from about 100,000 to about 200,000, or from about 200,000 to about 1,500,000 Daltons, as determined by size exclusion chromatography relative to polyethylene oxide standards with RI detection. The mobile phase used is a solution of 20% methanol in 0.4M MEA, 0.1 M NaNO₃, 3% acetic acid on a Waters Linear Ultrandyrogel column, 2 in series. Columns and detectors are kept at 40° C. Flow is set to 0.5 ml/min.

In another aspect, the deposition aid may comprise poly(acrylamide-N-dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate) and its quaternized derivatives. In this aspect, the deposition aid may be that sold under the tradename Sedipur®, available from BTC Specialty Chemicals, a BASF Group, Florham Park, N.J. In one embodiment, the deposition aid is cationic acrylic based homopolymer sold under the tradename name Rheovis CDE, from CIBA.

Surfactants:

The products of the present invention may comprise from about 0.11% to 80% by weight of a surfactant. In one aspect, such compositions may comprise from about 5% to 50% by weight of surfactant. Surfactants utilized can be of the anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic or cationic type or can comprise compatible mixtures of these types.

Anionic and nonionic surfactants are typically employed if the fabric care product is a laundry detergent. On the other hand, cationic surfactants are typically employed if the fabric care product is a fabric softener.

Useful anionic surfactants can themselves be of several different types. For example, water-soluble salts of the higher fatty acids, i.e., “soaps”, are useful anionic surfactants in the compositions herein. This includes alkali metal soaps such as the sodium, potassium, ammonium, and alkylolammonium salts of higher fatty acids containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, or even from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms. Soaps can be made by direct saponification of fats and oils or by the neutralization of free fatty acids. Particularly useful are the sodium and potassium salts of the mixtures of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and tallow, i.e., sodium or potassium tallow and coconut soap.

Useful anionic surfactants include the water-soluble salts, particularly the alkali metal, ammonium and alkylolammonium (e.g., monoethanolammonium or triethanolammonium) salts, of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or sulfuric acid ester group. (Included in the term “alkyl” is the alkyl portion of aryl groups.) Examples of this group of synthetic surfactants are the alkyl sulfates and alkyl alkoxy sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C₈-C₁₈ carbon atoms).

Other useful anionic surfactants herein include the water-soluble salts of esters of α-sulfonated fatty acids containing from about 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid group and from about 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the ester group; water-soluble salts of 2-acyloxy-alkane-1-sulfonic acids containing from about 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the acyl group and from about 9 to about 23 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety; water-soluble salts of olefin sulfonates containing from about 12 to 24 carbon atoms; and B-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates containing from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from about 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety.

In another embodiment, the anionic surfactant may comprise a C₁₁-C₁₈ alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant; a C₁₀-C₂₀ alkyl sulfate surfactant; a C₁₀-C₁₈ alkyl alkoxy sulfate surfactant, having an average degree of alkoxylation of from 1 to 30, wherein the alkoxy comprises a C₁-C₄ chain and mixtures thereof; a mid-chain branched alkyl sulfate surfactant; a mid-chain branched alkyl alkoxy sulfate surfactant having an average degree of alkoxylation of from 1 to 30, wherein the alkoxy comprises a C₁-C₄ chain and mixtures thereof; a C₁₀-C₁₈ alkyl alkoxy carboxylates comprising an average degree of alkoxylation of from 1 to 5; a C₁₂-C₂₀ methyl ester sulfonate surfactant, a C₁₀-C₁₈ alpha-olefin sulfonate surfactant, a C₆-C₂₀ sulfosuccinate surfactant, and a mixture thereof.

In addition to the anionic surfactant, the fabric care compositions of the present invention may further contain a nonionic surfactant. The compositions of the present invention can contain up to about 30%, alternatively from about 0.01% to about 20%, more alternatively from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the composition, of a nonionic surfactant. In one embodiment, the nonionic surfactant may comprise an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant.

Suitable for use herein are the ethoxylated alcohols and ethoxylated alkyl phenols of the formula R(OC₂H₄)—OH, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals containing from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms and alkyl phenyl radicals in which the alkyl groups contain from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms, and the average value of n is from about 5 to about 15. Materials may also be propoxylated alcohols and propoxylated alkyl phenols, and mixtures of such propoxylated and ethoxylated materials may be used. Furthermore, such materials may be propoxylated and ethoxylated.

Suitable nonionic surfactants are those of the formula R¹(OC₂H₄)_(n)OH, wherein R¹ is a C₁₀-C₁₆ alkyl group or a C₈-C₁₂ alkyl phenyl group, and n is from 3 to about 80. In one aspect, particularly useful materials are condensation products of C₉-C₁₅ alcohols with from about 5 to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.

Additional suitable nonionic surfactants include polyhydroxy fatty acid amides such as N-methyl N-1-deoxyglucityl cocoamide and N-methyl N-1-deoxyglucityl oleamide and alkyl polysaccharides.

The fabric care compositions of the present invention may contain up to about 30%, alternatively from about 0.01% to about 20%, more alternatively from about 0.1% to about 20%, by weight of the composition, of a cationic surfactant. For the purposes of the present invention, cationic surfactants include those which can deliver fabric care benefits. Non-limiting examples of useful cationic surfactants include: fatty amines; quaternary ammonium surfactants; and imidazoline quat materials.

In some embodiments, useful cationic surfactants, have the general formula (IV):

wherein:

(a) R₁ and R₂ each are individually selected from the groups of: C₁-C₄ alkyl; C₁-C₄ hydroxy alkyl; benzyl; —(C_(n)H_(2n)O)_(x)H, wherein:

-   -   i. x has a value from about 2 to about 5;     -   ii. n has a value of about 1-4;

(b) R₃ and R₄ are each:

-   -   i. a C₈-C₂₂ alkyl; or     -   ii. R₃ is a C₈-C₂₂ alkyl and R₄ is selected from the group of:         C₁-C₁₀ alkyl; C₁-C₁₀ hydroxy alkyl; benzyl;         —(C_(n)H_(2n)O)_(x)H, wherein:         -   1. x has a value from 2 to 5; and         -   2. n has a value of 1-4; and

(c) X is an anion.

The Quaternary Ammonium Ester Softening Active

The liquid fabric softener composition of the present invention may comprise a quaternary ammonium ester softening active (Fabric Softening Active, “FSA”) at a level of from 3% to 25%, preferably from 4% to 18%, more preferably from 5% to 15%. Preferably, the iodine value (see Methods) of the parent fatty acid from which the quaternary ammonium fabric softening active is formed is from 25 to 50, preferably from 30 to 48, more preferably from 32 to 45. Without being bound by theory, lower melting points resulting in easier process ability of the FSA are obtained when the parent fatty acid from which the quaternary ammonium fabric softening active is formed is at least partially unsaturated. Especially double unsaturated fatty acids enable easy to process FSA's. In preferred liquid fabric softener compositions, the parent fatty acid from which the quaternary ammonium softening actives is formed comprises from 2.0% to 20.0%, preferably from 3.0% to 15.0%, more preferably from 4.0% to 15.0% of double unsaturated C18 chains (“C18:2”) by weight of total fatty acid chains (see Methods). On the other hand, very high levels of unsaturated fatty acid chains are to be avoided to minimize malodor formation as a result of oxidation of the fabric softener composition over time.

In preferred liquid fabric softener compositions, the quaternary ammonium ester softening active is present at a level of from 4.0% to 18%, more preferably from 4.5% to 15%, even more preferably from 5.0% to 12% by weight of the composition. The level of quaternary ammonium ester softening active may depend of the desired concentration of total softening active in the composition (diluted or concentrated composition) and of the presence or not of other softening active. However, the risk on increasing viscosities over time is typically higher in fabric softener compositions with higher FSA levels. On the other hand, at very high FSA levels, the viscosity may no longer be sufficiently controlled which renders the product unfit for use.

Suitable quaternary ammonium ester softening actives include but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of monoester quats, diester quats, triester quats and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the level of monoester quat is from 2.0% to 40.0%, the level of diester quat is from 40.0% to 98.0%, the level of triester quat is from 0.0% to 25.0% by weight of total quaternary ammonium ester softening active.

Said quaternary ammonium ester softening active may comprise compounds of the following formula:

{R2(4−m)-N+-[X—Y—R1]m}A-

wherein: m is 1, 2 or 3 with proviso that the value of each m is identical; each R1 is independently hydrocarbyl, or branched hydrocarbyl group, preferably R1 is linear, more preferably R1 is partially unsaturated linear alkyl chain; each R2 is independently a C₁-C₃ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group, preferably R2 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 1-methyl-2 hydroxyethyl, poly(C₂-C₃¬alkoxy), polyethoxy, benzyl; each X is independently —(CH₂)n-, —CH₂—CH(CH₃)— or —CH—(CH₃)—CH₂— and each n is independently 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably each n is 2; each Y is independently —O—(O)C— or —C(O)—O—; A- is independently selected from the group consisting of chloride, methyl sulfate, and ethyl sulfate, preferably A- is selected from the group consisting of chloride and methyl sulfate, more preferably A is methyl sulfate; with the proviso that when Y is —O—(O)C—, the sum of carbons in each R1 is from 13 to 21, preferably from 13 to 19. Preferably, X is —CH₂—CH(CH₃)— or —CH—(CH₃)—CH₂— to improve the hydrolytic stability of the quaternary ammonium ester softening active, and hence further improve the stability of the fabric softener composition. Examples of suitable quaternary ammonium ester softening actives are commercially available from Evonik under the tradename Rewoquat WE18, Rewoquat WE20, from Stepan under the tradename Stepantex GA90, Stepantex VK90, Stepantex VL90A. These types of agents and general methods of making them are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,180.

Fabric Care Benefit Agent

The compositions disclosed herein may include a fabric care benefit agent. As used herein, “fabric care benefit agents” refers to ingredients which are water dispersible or water insoluble and can provide fabric care benefits such as fabric softening, color protection, pill/fuzz reduction, anti-abrasion, anti-wrinkle, perfume longevity and the like, to garments and fabrics, particularly on cotton garments and fabrics.

These fabric care benefit agents typically have the solubility in distilled water of less than 100 g/L, preferably less than 10 g/L at 25° C. It is believed that if the solubility of the fabric care benefit agent is more than 10 g/L, it will remain soluble in the wash liquor and consequently will not deposit onto the fabrics.

Suitable fabric care benefit agents, include, but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of non-ester quaternary ammonium compounds, amines, fatty esters, sucrose esters, silicones, dispersible polyolefins, polysaccharides, fatty acids, softening oils, polymer latexes and combinations thereof.

The fabric care benefit agents can be in the form of emulsions, latexes, dispersions, suspensions, micelles and the like, and preferably in the form of microemulsions, swollen micelles or latexes. As such, they can have a wide range of particle sizes from about 1 nm to 100 um and preferably from about 5 nm to 10 um. The particle size of the microemulsions can be determined by conventional methods, such as using a Leeds & Northrup Microtrac UPA particle sizer.

Emulsifiers, dispersing agents and suspension agents may be used. The weight ratio of emulsifiers, dispersing agents or suspension agents to the fabric care benefit agents is about 1:100 to about 1:2. Preferably, the weight ratio ranges from about 1:50 to 1:5. Any surfactants suitable for making polymer emulsions or emulsion polymerizations of polymer latexes can be used to make the water insoluble fabric care benefit agents of the present invention. Suitable surfactants include anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants or mixtures thereof.

Silicones

Suitable organosilicones, include, but not limited to (a) non-functionalized silicones such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS); and (b) functionalized silicones such as silicones with one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of amino, amido, alkoxy, alkyl, phenyl, polyether, acrylate, siliconehydride, mercaptoproyl, carboxylate, sulfate phosphate, quaternized nitrogen, and combinations thereof.

In typical embodiments, the organosilicones suitable for use herein have a viscosity ranging from about 10 to about 2,000,000 CSt (centistokes) at 25° C. In other embodiments, the suitable organosilicones have a viscosity from about 10 to about 800,000 CSt at 25° C.

(a) Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) have been described in Cosmetics and Toiletries. They can be linear, branched, cyclic, grafted or cross-linked or cyclic structures. In some embodiments, the detergent compositions comprise PDMS having a viscosity of from about 100 to about 700,000 CSt at 25° C.

(b) Exemplary functionalized silicones include but are not limited to aminosilicones, amidosilicones, silicone polyethers, alkylsilicones, phenyl silicones and quaternary silicones.

The functionalized silicones suitable for use in the present invention have the following general formula:

wherein

m is from 4 to 50,000, preferably from 10 to 20,000;

k is from 1 to 25,000, preferably from 3 to 12,000;

each R is H or C₁-C₈ alkyl or aryl group, preferably C₁-C₄ alkyl, and more preferably a methyl group;

X is a linking group having the formula:

-   -   i) —(CH₂)_(p)— wherein p is from 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 3;

wherein q is from 0 to 4, preferably 1 to 2;

Q has the formula:

-   -   i) —NH₂, —NH—(CH₂)_(r)—NH₂, wherein r is from 1 to 4, preferably         2 to 3; or     -   ii) —(O—CHR₂—CH₂)_(s)—Z, wherein s is from 1 to 100, preferably         3 to 30;     -   wherein R₂ is H or C₁-C₃ alkyl, preferably H or CH₃; and Z is         selected from the group consisting of —OR₃, —OC(O)R₃, —CO—         R₄—COOH, —SO₃, —PO(OH)₂, and mixtures thereof; further wherein         R₃ is H, C₁-C₂₆ alkyl or substituted alkyl, C₆-C₂₆ aryl or         substituted aryl, C₇-C₂₆ alkylaryl or substituted alkylaryl         groups, preferably R₃ is H, methyl, ethyl propyl or benzyl         groups; R₄ is —CH₂— or —CH₂CH₂— groups; and

wherein n is from 1 to 4, preferably 2 to 3; and R₅ is C1-C4 alkyl, preferably methyl.

Another class of organosilicone useful herein is modified polyalkylene oxide polysiloxanes of the general formula:

wherein Q is NH₂ or —NHCH₂CH₂NH₂; R is H or C₁-C₆ alkyl; r is from 0 to 1000; m is from 4 to 40,000; n is from 3 to 35,000; and p and q are integers independently selected from 2 to 30.

When r=0, nonlimiting examples of such polysiloxanes with polyalkylene oxide are Silwet® L-7622, Silwet® L-7602, Silwet® L-7604, Silwet® L-7500, Magnasoft® TLC, available from GE Silicones of Wilton, Conn.; Ultrasil® SW-12 and Ultrasil® DW-18 silicones, available from Noveon Inc., of Cleveland Ohio; and DC-5097, FF-400® available from Dow Corning® of Midland, Mich. Additional examples are KF-352®, KF-6015®, and KF-945®, all available from Shin Etsu Silicones of Tokyo, Japan.

When r=1 to 1000, nonlimiting examples of this class of organosilicones are Ultrasil® A21 and Ultrasil® A-23, both available from Noveon, Inc. of Cleveland, Ohio; BY16-876® from Dow Corning Toray Ltd., Japan; and X22-3939A® from Shin Etsu Corporation, Tokyo Japan.

A third class of organosilicones useful herein is modified polyalkylene oxide polysiloxanes of the general formula:

wherein m is from 4 to 40,000; n is from 3 to 35,000; and p and q are integers independently selected from 2 to 30; Z is selected from

wherein R₇ is C1-C24 alkyl group;

wherein R₄ is CH₂ or CH₂CH₂;

iii. —SO₃

-   -   wherein R₈ is C1-C22 alkyl and A- is an appropriate anion,         preferably Cl⁻;

-   -   wherein R₈ is C1-C22 alkyl and A- is an appropriate anion,         preferably Cl⁻.

Another class of silicones is cationic silicones. These are typically produced by reacting a diamine with an epoxide. These are commercially available under the trade names Magnasoft® Prime, Magnasoft® HSSD, Silsoft® A-858 (all from GE Silicones).

In another aspect, the functionalized siloxane polymer may comprise silicone-urethanes. In one aspect, the synthesis of silicone-urethanes involves a conventional polycondensation reaction between a polysiloxane containing hydroxy functional groups or amine functional groups at the ends of its chain (for example, α, ω-dihydroxyalkylpolydimethylsiloxane or α, ω-diaminoalkylpolydimethylsiloxane or α-amino, ω-hydroxyalkylpolydimethylsiloxane) and a diisocyanate. In another aspect, organopolysiloxane oligomers containing a hydroxyalkyl functional group or an aminoalkyl functional group at the ends of its chain may be mixed with an organic diol or diamine coupling agent in a compatible solvent. The mixture may be then reacted with a diisocyanate. Silicone-urethanes are commercially available from Wacker Silicones under the trade name SLM-21200.

One embodiment of the composition of the present invention contains organosilicone emulsions, which comprise organosilicones dispersed in a suitable carrier (typically water) in the presence of an emulsifier (typically an anionic surfactant).

In another embodiment, the organosilicones are in the form of microemulsions. The organosilicone microemulsions may have an average particle size in the range from about 1 nm to about 150 nm, or from about 10 nm to about 100 nm, or from about 20 nm to about 50 nm. Microemulsions are more stable than conventional macroemulsions (average particle size about 1-20 microns) and when incorporated into a product, the resulting product has a preferred clear appearance. More importantly, when the composition is used in a typical aqueous wash environment, the emulsifiers in the composition become diluted such that the microemulsions can no longer be maintained and the organosilicones coalesce to form significantly larger droplets which have an average particle size of greater than about 1 micron. Since the selected organosilicones are water insoluble or have limited solubility in water, they will crash out of the wash liquor, resulting in more efficient deposition onto the fabrics and enhanced fabric care benefits. In a typical immersive wash environment, the composition is mixed with an excess of water to form a wash liquor, which typically has a weight ratio of water:composition ranging from 10:1 to 400:1.

A typical embodiment of the composition comprising from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight of composition of the organosilicones and an effective amount of an emulsifier in a carrier. The “effective amount” of emulsifier is the amount sufficient to produce an organosilicone microemulsion in the carrier, preferably water. In some embodiments, the amount of emulsifiers ranges from about 5 to about 75 parts, or from about 25 to about 60 parts per 100 weight parts organosilicone.

The microemulsion typically comprises from about 10 to about 70%, or from about 25 to about 60%, by weight of the microemulsion of the dispersed organosilicones; from about 0.1 to about 30%, or from about 1 to about 20%, by weight of the microemulsion of anionic surfactant; optionally, from about 0 to about 3%, or from about 0.1 to about 20%, by weight of the microemulsion of nonionic surfactant; and the balance being water, and optionally other carriers. Selected organosilicone polymers (all those disclosed herein above, excluding PDMS and cationic silicones) are suitable for forming microemulsions; these organosilicones are sometimes referred to as the “self emulsifying silicones”. Emulsifiers, particularly anionic surfactants, may be added to aid the formation of organosilicone microemulsions in the composition. Optionally, nonionic surfactants useful as laundry adjuncts to provide detersive benefits can also aid the formation and stability of the microemulsions. In a typical embodiment, the amount of emulsifiers is from about 0.05% to about 15% by weight of the composition.

Non-ester Quaternary ammonium compounds:

Suitable non-ester quaternary ammonium compounds comprise compounds of the formula:

[R(4−m)-N+-R1m]X—

wherein each R comprises either hydrogen, a short chain C1-C6, in one aspect a C1-C3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, poly(C2-3¬ alkoxy), polyethoxy, benzyl, or mixtures thereof; each m is 1, 2 or 3 with the proviso that the value of each m is the same; the sum of carbons in each R1 may be C12-C22, with each R1 being a hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl group; and X— may comprise any softener-compatible anion. The softener-compatible anion may comprise chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, and nitrate. The softener-compatible anion may comprise chloride or methyl sulfate. Non-limiting examples include dialkylenedimethylammonium salts such as dicanoladimethylammonium chloride, di(hard)tallowdimethylammonium chloride dicanoladimethylammonium methylsulfate, and mixtures thereof. An example of commercially available dialkylenedimethylammonium salts usable in the present invention is dioleyldimethylammonium chloride available from Witco Corporation under the trade name Adogen® 472 and dihardtallow dimethylammonium chloride available from Akzo Nobel Arquad 2HT75.

Amines

Suitable amines include but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of amidoesteramines, amidoamines, imidazoline amines, alkyl amines, and combinations thereof. Suitable ester amines include but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of monoester amines, diester amines, triester amines and combinations thereof. Suitable amidoamines include but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of monoamido amines, diamido amines and combinations thereof. Suitable alkyl amines include but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of mono alkylamines, dialkyl amines quats, trialkyl amines, and combinations thereof.

Fatty Acid:

The liquid fabric softener composition may comprise a fatty acid, such as a free fatty acid as fabric softening active. The term “fatty acid” is used herein in the broadest sense to include unprotonated or protonated forms of a fatty acid. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the pH of an aqueous composition will dictate, in part, whether a fatty acid is protonated or unprotonated. The fatty acid may be in its unprotonated, or salt form, together with a counter ion, such as, but not limited to, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and the like. The term “free fatty acid” means a fatty acid that is not bound to another chemical moiety (covalently or otherwise).

The fatty acid may include those containing from 12 to 25, from 13 to 22, or even from 16 to 20, total carbon atoms, with the fatty moiety containing from 10 to 22, from 12 to 18, or even from 14 (mid-cut) to 18 carbon atoms.

The fatty acids may be derived from (1) an animal fat, and/or a partially hydrogenated animal fat, such as beef tallow, lard, etc.; (2) a vegetable oil, and/or a partially hydrogenated vegetable oil such as canola oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, sesame seed oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, soybean oil, tall oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, other tropical palm oils, linseed oil, tung oil, castor oil, etc.; (3) processed and/or bodied oils, such as linseed oil or tung oil via thermal, pressure, alkali-isomerization and catalytic treatments; (4) combinations thereof, to yield saturated (e.g. stearic acid), unsaturated (e.g. oleic acid), polyunsaturated (linoleic acid), branched (e.g. isostearic acid) or cyclic (e.g. saturated or unsaturated disubstituted cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl derivatives of polyunsaturated acids) fatty acids.

Mixtures of fatty acids from different fat sources can be used.

The cis/trans ratio for the unsaturated fatty acids may be important, with the cis/trans ratio (of the C18:1 material) being from at least 1:1, at least 3:1, from 4:1 or even from 9:1 or higher.

Branched fatty acids such as isostearic acid are also suitable since they may be more stable with respect to oxidation and the resulting degradation of color and odor quality.

The fatty acid may have an iodine value from 0 to 140, from 50 to 120 or even from 85 to 105.

Polysaccharides:

The liquid fabric softener composition may comprise a polysaccharide as a fabric softening active, such as cationic starch. Suitable cationic starches for use in the present compositions are commercially available from Cerestar under the trade name C*BOND® and from National Starch and Chemical Company under the trade name CATO® 2A.

Sucrose Esters:

The liquid fabric softener composition may comprise one or more sucrose esters as a fabric softening active. Sucrose esters are typically derived from sucrose and fatty acids. Sucrose ester is composed of a sucrose moiety having one or more of its hydroxyl groups esterified.

Sucrose is a disaccharide having the following formula: Alternatively, the sucrose molecule can be represented by the formula: M(OH)8, wherein M is the disaccharide backbone and there are total of 8 hydroxyl groups in the molecule. Thus, sucrose esters can be represented by the following formula:

M(OH)8-x(OC(O)R1)x

wherein x is the number of hydroxyl groups that are esterified, whereas (8-x) is the hydroxyl groups that remain unchanged; x is an integer selected from 1 to 8, alternatively from 2 to 8, alternatively from 3 to 8, or from 4 to 8; and R1 moieties are independently selected from C1-C22 alkyl or C1-C30 alkoxy, linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted. The R1 moieties may comprise linear alkyl or alkoxy moieties having independently selected and varying chain length. For example, R1 may comprise a mixture of linear alkyl or alkoxy moieties wherein greater than 20% of the linear chains are C18, alternatively greater than 50% of the linear chains are C18, alternatively greater than 80% of the linear chains are C18. The R1 moieties may comprise a mixture of saturate and unsaturated alkyl or alkoxy moieties. The iodine value of the sucrose esters suitable for use herein ranges from 1 to 150, or from 2 to 100, or from 5 to 85. The R1 moieties may be hydrogenated to reduce the degree of unsaturation. In the case where a higher iodine value is preferred, such as from 40 to 95, then oleic acid and fatty acids derived from soybean oil and canola oil are suitable starting materials. The unsaturated R1 moieties may comprise a mixture of “cis” and “trans” forms the unsaturated sites. The “cis”/“trans” ratios may range from 1:1 to 50:1, or from 2:1 to 40:1, or from 3:1 to 30:1, or from 4:1 to 20:1.

Dispersible Polyolefins and Latexes:

Generally, all dispersible polyolefins that provide fabric softening benefits can be used as fabric softening active in the present invention. The polyolefins can be in the form of waxes, emulsions, dispersions or suspensions.

The polyolefin may be chosen from a polyethylene, polypropylene, or combinations thereof. The polyolefin may be at least partially modified to contain various functional groups, such as carboxyl, alkylamide, sulfonic acid or amide groups. The polyolefin may be at least partially carboxyl modified or, in other words, oxidized.

Non-limiting examples of fabric softening active include dispersible polyethylene and polymer latexes. These agents can be in the form of emulsions, latexes, dispersions, suspensions, and the like. In one aspect, they are in the form of an emulsion or a latex. Dispersible polyethylenes and polymer latexes can have a wide range of particle size diameters (χ50) including but not limited to from 1 nm to 100 um; alternatively, from 10 nm to 10 um. As such, the particle sizes of dispersible polyethylenes and polymer latexes are generally, but without limitation, smaller than silicones or other fatty oils.

Generally, any surfactant suitable for making polymer emulsions or emulsion polymerizations of polymer latexes can be used as emulsifiers for polymer emulsions and latexes used as fabric softeners active in the present invention. Suitable surfactants include anionic, cationic, and non-ionic surfactants, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, such surfactants are non-ionic and/or anionic surfactants. In one aspect, the ratio of surfactant to polymer in the fabric softening active is 1:5, respectively.

Anionic Surfactant Scavenger

The composition may contain an anionic surfactant scavenger. The surfactant scavenger is preferably a water soluble cationic and/or zwitterionic scavenger compound. The cationic and zwitterionic scavenger compounds useful herein typically have a quaternized nitrogen atom or amine group. Suitable anionic surfactant scavengers, include, but not limited to monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds and amine precursors thereof, dialkyl quaternary ammonium compounds and amine precursors thereof, polymeric amines, polyquaternary ammonium compounds and amine precursors thereof.

Dispersants—

The compositions may contain from about 0.1%, to about 10%, by weight of dispersants. Suitable water-soluble organic materials are the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid may contain at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms. The dispersants may also be alkoxylated derivatives of polyamines, and/or quaternized derivatives.

Dye Transfer Inhibiting Agents—

The compositions may also include from about 0.0001%, from about 0.01%, from about 0.05% by weight of the compositions to about 10%, about 2%, or even about 1% by weight of the compositions of one or more dye transfer inhibiting agents such as polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinylimidazoles or mixtures thereof.

Chelant—

The compositions may contain less than about 5%, or from about 0.01% to about 3% of a chelant such as citrates; nitrogen-containing, P-free aminocarboxylates such as EDDS, EDTA and DTPA; aminophosphonates such as diethylenetriamine pentamethylenephosphonic acid and, ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonic acid; nitrogen-free phosphonates e.g., HEDP; and nitrogen or oxygen containing, P-free carboxylate-free chelants such as compounds of the general class of certain macrocyclic N-ligands such as those known for use in bleach catalyst systems.

Brighteners—

The compositions may also comprise a brightener (also referred to as “optical brightener”) and may include any compound that exhibits fluorescence, including compounds that absorb UV light and reemit as “blue” visible light. Non-limiting examples of useful brighteners include: derivatives of stilbene or 4,4′-diaminostilbene, biphenyl, five-membered heterocycles such as triazoles, pyrazolines, oxazoles, imidiazoles, etc., or six-membered heterocycles (coumarins, naphthalamide, s-triazine, etc.). Cationic, anionic, nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic brighteners can be used. Suitable brighteners include those commercially marketed under the trade name Tinopal-UNPA-GX® by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation (High Point, N.C.).

Structurant—

The compositions may contain one or more structurant and thickener. Any suitable level of structurant may be of use; exemplary levels include from about 0.01% to about 20%, from about 0.1% to about 10%, or from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition. Non-limiting examples of structurants suitable for use herein include crystalline, hydroxyl-containing stabilizing agents, trihydroxystearin, hydrogenated oil, or a variation thereof, and combinations thereof. Other structurants include thickening structurants such as gums and other similar polysaccharides, for example gellan gum, carrageenan gum, and other known types of thickeners and rheological additives. Exemplary structurants in this class include gum-type polymers (e.g. xanthan gum), polyvinyl alcohol and derivatives thereof, cellulose and derivatives thereof including cellulose ethers and cellulose esters and tamarind gum (for example, comprising xyloglucan polymers), guar gum, locust bean gum (in some aspects comprising galactomannan polymers), and other industrial gums and polymers.

Structurants may also include homo- and co-polymers comprising cationic monomers selected from the group consisting of N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methyl methacrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methyl methacrylate, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide.

Perfume:

The optional perfume component may comprise a component selected from the group consisting of

-   -   (1) a perfume capsule, or a moisture-activated perfume capsule,         comprising a perfume carrier and an encapsulated perfume         composition, wherein said perfume carrier may be selected from         the group consisting of cyclodextrins, starch capsules, porous         carrier capsules, and mixtures thereof; and wherein said         encapsulated perfume composition may comprise low volatile         perfume ingredients, high volatile perfume ingredients, and         mixtures thereof;     -   (2) a pro-perfume;     -   (3) a low odor detection threshold perfume ingredients, wherein         said low odor detection threshold perfume ingredients may         comprise less than about 25%, by weight of the total neat         perfume composition; and     -   (4) mixtures thereof; and

Porous Carrier Capsule—A portion of the perfume composition can also be absorbed onto and/or into a porous carrier, such as zeolites or clays, to form perfume porous carrier capsules in order to reduce the amount of free perfume in the multiple use fabric conditioning composition.

Pro-perfume—The perfume composition may additionally include a pro-perfume. Pro-perfumes may comprise nonvolatile materials that release or convert to a perfume material as a result of, e.g., simple hydrolysis, or may be pH-change-triggered pro-perfumes (e.g. triggered by a pH drop) or may be enzymatically releasable pro-perfumes, or light-triggered pro-perfumes. The pro-perfumes may exhibit varying release rates depending upon the pro-perfume chosen.

Perfume Delivery Systems

As disclosed, the benefits of the perfumes disclosed herein may be further enhanced by employing a perfume delivery system to apply such perfumes. Non-limiting examples of suitable perfume delivery systems, methods of making perfume delivery systems and the uses of such perfume delivery systems are disclosed in USPA 2007/0275866 A1. Such perfume delivery systems include:

Polymer Assisted Delivery (PAD):

This perfume delivery technology uses polymeric materials to deliver perfume materials. Classical coacervation, water soluble or partly soluble to insoluble charged or neutral polymers, liquid crystals, hot melts, hydrogels, perfumed plastics, capsules, nano- and micro-latexes, polymeric film formers, and polymeric absorbents, polymeric adsorbents, etc. are some examples. PAD includes but is not limited to:

Matrix Systems:

The fragrance is dissolved or dispersed in a polymer matrix or particle. Perfumes, for example, may be 1) dispersed into the polymer prior to formulating into the product or 2) added separately from the polymer during or after formulation of the product. Diffusion of perfume from the polymer is a common trigger that allows or increases the rate of perfume release from a polymeric matrix system that is deposited or applied to the desired surface (situs), although many other triggers are known that may control perfume release. Absorption and/or adsorption into or onto polymeric particles, films, solutions, and the like are aspects of this technology. Nano- or micro-particles composed of organic materials (e.g., latexes) are examples. Suitable particles include a wide range of materials including, but not limited to polyacetal, polyacrylate, polyacrylic, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyaryletherketone, polybutadiene, polybutylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polychloroprene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polychloroprene, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyketone, polyester, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyethylenechlorinates, polyimide, polyisoprene, polylactic acid, polymethylpentene, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalamide, polypropylene, polystyrene, polysulfone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, as well as polymers or copolymers based on acrylonitrile-butadiene, cellulose acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, styrene-butadiene, vinyl acetate-ethylene, and mixtures thereof.

Silicones are also examples of polymers that may be used as PDT, and can provide perfume benefits in a manner similar to the polymer-assisted delivery “matrix system”. Such a PDT is referred to as silicone-assisted delivery (SAD). One may pre-load silicones with perfume, or use them as an equilibrium system as described for PAD. Examples of silicones include polydimethylsiloxane and polyalkyldimethylsiloxanes. Other examples include those with amine functionality, which may be used to provide benefits associated with amine-assisted delivery (AAD) and/or polymer-assisted delivery (PAD) and/or amine-reaction products (ARP).

Reservoir Systems:

Reservoir systems are also known as a core-shell type technology, or one in which the fragrance is surrounded by a perfume release controlling membrane, which may serve as a protective shell. The material inside the capsule is referred to as the core, internal phase, or fill, whereas the wall is sometimes called a shell, coating, or membrane. Microparticles or pressure sensitive capsules or capsules are examples of this technology. Capsules of the current invention are formed by a variety of procedures that include, but are not limited to, coating, extrusion, spray-drying, interfacial, in-situ and matrix polymerization. The possible shell materials vary widely in their stability toward water. Among the most stable are polyoxymethyleneurea (PMU)-based materials, which may hold certain PRMs for even long periods of time in aqueous solution (or product). Such systems include but are not limited to urea-formaldehyde and/or melamine-formaldehyde. Gelatin-based capsules may be prepared so that they dissolve quickly or slowly in water, depending for example on the degree of cross-linking. Many other capsule wall materials are available and vary in the degree of perfume diffusion stability observed. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the rate of release of perfume from a capsule, for example, once deposited on a surface is typically in reverse order of in-product perfume diffusion stability. As such, urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde capsules for example, typically require a release mechanism other than, or in addition to, diffusion for release, such as mechanical force (e.g., friction, pressure, shear stress) that serves to break the capsule and increase the rate of perfume (fragrance) release. Other triggers include melting, dissolution, hydrolysis or other chemical reaction, electromagnetic radiation, and the like. The use of pre-loaded capsules requires the proper ratio of in-product stability and in-use and/or on-surface (on-situs) release, as well as proper selection of PRMs. Capsules that are based on urea-formaldehyde and/or melamine-formaldehyde are relatively stable, especially in near neutral aqueous-based solutions. These materials may require a friction trigger which may not be applicable to all product applications. Other capsule materials (e.g., gelatin) may be unstable in aqueous-based products and may even provide reduced benefit (versus free perfume control) when in-product aged. Scratch and sniff technologies are yet another example of PAD.

In one aspect, the capsule wall material may comprise: melamine, polyacrylamide, silicones, silica, polystyrene, polyurea, polyurethanes, polyacrylate based materials, gelatin, styrene malic anhydride, polyamides, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, said melamine wall material may comprise melamine crosslinked with formaldehyde, melamine-dimethoxyethanol crosslinked with formaldehyde, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, said polystyrene wall material may comprise polyestyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene. In one aspect, said polyurea wall material may comprise urea crosslinked with formaldehyde, urea crosslinked with gluteraldehyde, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, said polyacrylate based materials may comprise polyacrylate formed from methylmethacrylate/dimethylaminomethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate formed from amine acrylate and/or methacrylate and strong acid, polyacrylate formed from carboxylic acid acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer and strong base, polyacrylate formed from an amine acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer and a carboxylic acid acrylate and/or carboxylic acid methacrylate monomer, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, the encapsulated perfume may be coated with a deposition aid, a cationic polymer, a non-ionic polymer, an anionic polymer, or mixtures thereof. Suitable polymers may be selected from the group consisting of: polyvinylformaldehyde, partially hydroxylated polyvinylformaldehyde, polyvinylamine, polyethyleneimine, ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylates, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, one or more types of encapsulated perfumes, for example two types of encapsulated perfumes each having a different benefit agent, and/or processing parameters may be used.

Molecule-Assisted Delivery (MAD):

Non-polymer materials or molecules may also serve to improve the delivery of perfume. Without wishing to be bound by theory, perfume may non-covalently interact with organic materials, resulting in altered deposition and/or release. Non-limiting examples of such organic materials include but are not limited to hydrophobic materials such as organic oils, waxes, mineral oils, petrolatum, fatty acids or esters, sugars, surfactants, liposomes and even other perfume raw material (perfume oils), as well as natural oils, including body and/or other soils. Perfume fixatives are yet another example. In one aspect, non-polymeric materials or molecules have a C Log P greater than about 2.

Cyclodextrin (CD):

This technology approach uses a cyclic oligosaccharide or cyclodextrin to improve the delivery of perfume. Typically, a perfume and cyclodextrin (CD) complex is formed. Such complexes may be preformed, formed in-situ, or formed on or in the situs. Without wishing to be bound by theory, loss of water may serve to shift the equilibrium toward the CD-Perfume complex, especially if other adjunct ingredients (e.g., surfactant) are not present at high concentration to compete with the perfume for the cyclodextrin cavity. A bloom benefit may be achieved if water exposure or an increase in moisture content occurs at a later time point. In addition, cyclodextrin allows the perfume formulator increased flexibility in selection of PRMs. Cyclodextrin may be pre-loaded with perfume or added separately from perfume to obtain the desired perfume stability, deposition or release benefit.

Starch Encapsulated Accord (SEA):

The use of a starch encapsulated accord (SEA) technology allows one to modify the properties of the perfume, for example, by converting a liquid perfume into a solid by adding ingredients such as starch. The benefit includes increased perfume retention during product storage, especially under non-aqueous conditions. Upon exposure to moisture, a perfume bloom may be triggered. Benefits at other moments of truth may also be achieved because the starch allows the product formulator to select PRMs or PRM concentrations that normally cannot be used without the presence of SEA. Another technology example includes the use of other organic and inorganic materials, such as silica to convert perfume from liquid to solid.

Zeolite & Inorganic Carrier (ZIC):

This technology relates to the use of porous zeolites or other inorganic materials to deliver perfumes. Perfume-loaded zeolite may be used with or without adjunct ingredients used for example to coat the perfume-loaded zeolite (PLZ) to change its perfume release properties during product storage or during use or from the dry situs. Silica is another form of ZIC. Another example of a suitable inorganic carrier includes inorganic tubules, where the perfume or other active material is contained within the lumen of the nano- or micro-tubules. Preferably, the perfume-loaded inorganic tubule (or Perfume-Loaded Tubule or PLT) is a mineral nano- or micro-tubule, such as halloysite or mixtures of halloysite with other inorganic materials, including other clays. The PLT technology may also comprise additional ingredients on the inside and/or outside of the tubule for the purpose of improving in-product diffusion stability, deposition on the desired situs or for controlling the release rate of the loaded perfume. Monomeric and/or polymeric materials, including starch encapsulation, may be used to coat, plug, cap, or otherwise encapsulate the PLT.

Fabric Hueing Agents—

The composition may comprise a fabric hueing agent (sometimes referred to as shading, bluing or whitening agents). Typically, the hueing agent provides a blue or violet shade to fabric. Hueing agents can be used either alone or in combination to create a specific shade of hueing and/or to shade different fabric types. This may be provided for example by mixing a red and green-blue dye to yield a blue or violet shade. Hueing agents may be selected from any known chemical class of dye, including but not limited to acridine, anthraquinone (including polycyclic quinones), azine, azo (e.g., monoazo, disazo, trisazo, tetrakisazo, polyazo), including premetallized azo, benzodifurane and benzodifuranone, carotenoid, coumarin, cyanine, diazahemicyanine, diphenylmethane, formazan, hemicyanine, indigoids, methane, naphthalimides, naphthoquinone, nitro and nitroso, oxazine, phthalocyanine, pyrazoles, stilbene, styryl, triarylmethane, triphenylmethane, xanthenes and mixtures thereof.

Suitable fabric hueing agents include dyes, dye-clay conjugates, and organic and inorganic pigments. Suitable dyes include small molecule dyes and polymeric dyes. Suitable small molecule dyes include small molecule dyes selected from the group consisting of dyes falling into the Colour Index (C.I.) classifications of Acid, Direct, Basic, Reactive or hydrolysed Reactive, Solvent or Disperse dyes for example that are classified as Blue, Violet, Red, Green or Black, and provide the desired shade either alone or in combination. In another aspect, suitable small molecule dyes include small molecule dyes selected from the group consisting of Colour Index (Society of Dyers and Colourists, Bradford, UK) numbers Direct Violet dyes such as 9, 35, 48, 51, 66, and 99, Direct Blue dyes such as 1, 71, 80 and 279, Acid Red dyes such as 17, 73, 52, 88 and 150, Acid Violet dyes such as 15, 17, 24, 43, 49 and 50, Acid Blue dyes such as 15, 17, 25, 29, 40, 45, 75, 80, 83, 90 and 113, Acid Black dyes such as 1, Basic Violet dyes such as 1, 3, 4, 10 19, 35, 38, and 48, Basic Blue dyes such as 3, 16, 22, 47, 65, 66, 67, 71, 75 and 159, Disperse or Solvent dyes, and mixtures thereof. In another aspect, suitable small molecule dyes include small molecule dyes selected from the group consisting of C. I. numbers Acid Violet 17, Acid Blue 80, Acid Violet 50, Direct Blue 71, Direct Violet 51, Direct Blue 1, Acid Red 88, Acid Red 150, Acid Blue 29, Acid Blue 113 or mixtures thereof.

Polymeric Dyes—

Suitable polymeric dyes include polymeric dyes selected from the group consisting of polymers containing covalently bound (sometimes referred to as conjugated) chromogens, (dye-polymer conjugates), for example polymers with chromogens co-polymerized into the backbone of the polymer and mixtures thereof.

In another aspect, suitable polymeric dyes include polymeric dyes selected from the group consisting of fabric-substantive colorants sold under the name of Liquitint® (Milliken, Spartanburg, S.C., USA), dye-polymer conjugates formed from at least one reactive dye and a polymer selected from the group consisting of polymers comprising a moiety selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl moiety, a primary amine moiety, a secondary amine moiety, a thiol moiety and mixtures thereof. In still another aspect, suitable polymeric dyes include polymeric dyes selected from the group consisting of Liquitint® Violet CT, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) covalently bound to a reactive blue, reactive violet or reactive red dye such as CMC conjugated with C.I. Reactive Blue 19, sold by Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland under the product name AZO-CM-CELLULOSE, product code S-ACMC, alkoxylated triphenyl-methane polymeric colourants, alkoxylated thiophene polymeric colourants, and mixtures thereof.

The aforementioned fabric hueing agents can be used in combination (any mixture of fabric hueing agents can be used).

Coatings—

In one aspect of the invention, perfume capsules are manufactured and are subsequently coated with an additional material. Non-limiting examples of coating materials include but are not limited to materials selected from the group consisting of poly(meth)acrylate, poly(ethylene-maleic anhydride), polyamine, wax, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone co-polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone-ethyl acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone methylacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polysiloxane, poly(propylene maleic anhydride), maleic anhydride derivatives, co-polymers of maleic anhydride derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-butadiene latex, gelatin, gum Arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, other modified celluloses, sodium alginate, chitosan, casein, pectin, modified starch, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and its co polymers, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl amines, polyvinyl formamides, polyallyl amines and copolymers of polyvinyl amines, polyvinyl formamides, and polyallyl amines and mixtures thereof. Such materials can be obtained from CP Kelco Corp. of San Diego, Calif., USA; Degussa AG or Dusseldorf, Germany; BASF AG of Ludwigshafen, Germany; Rhodia Corp. of Cranbury, N.J., USA; Baker Hughes Corp. of Houston, Tex., USA; Hercules Corp. of Wilmington, Del., USA; Agrium Inc. of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, ISP of New Jersey U.S.A.

Formaldehyde Scavenger—

In one aspect perfume particles may be combined with a formaldehyde scavenger. In one aspect, such perfume capsules may comprise the perfume capsules of the present invention. Suitable formaldehyde scavengers include materials selected from the group consisting of sodium bisulfite, melamine, urea, ethylene urea, cysteine, cysteamine, lysine, glycine, serine, carnosine, histidine, glutathione, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid, allantoin, glycouril, anthranilic acid, methyl anthranilate, methyl 4-aminobenzoate, ethyl acetoacetate, acetoacetamide, malonamide, ascorbic acid, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone dimer, biuret, oxamide, benzoguanamine, pyroglutamic acid, pyrogallol, methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, propyl gallate, triethanol amine, succinamide, thiabendazole, benzotriazol, triazole, indoline, sulfanilic acid, oxamide, sorbitol, glucose, cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol), partially hydrolyzed poly(vinylformamide), poly(vinyl amine), poly(ethylene imine), poly(oxyalkyleneamine), poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(vinyl amine), poly(4-aminostyrene), poly(l-lysine), chitosan, hexane diol, ethylenediamine-N,N′-bisacetoacetamide, N-(2-ethylhexyl)acetoacetamide, 2-benzoylacetoacetamide, N-(3-phenylpropyl)acetoacetamide, lilial, helional, melonal, triplal, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione, 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4,6-dione, 2-pentanone, dibutyl amine, triethylenetetramine, ammonium hydroxide, benzylamine, hydroxycitronellol, cyclohexanone, 2-butanone, pentane dione, dehydroacetic acid, or a mixture thereof. These formaldehyde scavengers may be obtained from Sigma/Aldrich/Fluka of St. Louis, Mo. U.S.A. or PolySciences, Inc. of Warrington, Pa., U.S.A.

Carrier—

The compositions generally contain a carrier. In some aspects, the carrier may be water alone or mixtures of organic solvents with water. In some aspects, organic solvents include 1,2-propanediol, ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol and mixtures thereof. Other lower alcohols, C₁-C₄ alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine and triethanolamine, can also be used. Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, salts, sugars, polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), modified PVAs; polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

Method of Use and Treated Article

Compositions disclosed herein can be used to clean and/or treat a fabric. Typically, at least a portion of the fabric is contacted with an embodiment of Applicants' composition, in neat form or diluted in a liquor, for example, a wash liquor and then the fabric may be optionally washed and/or rinsed

For purposes of the present invention, washing includes but is not limited to, scrubbing, and mechanical agitation. The fabric may comprise most any fabric capable of being laundered or treated in normal consumer use conditions. Wash liquors that may comprise the disclosed compositions may have a pH of from about 3 to about 12. Such compositions are typically employed at concentrations of from about 500 ppm to about 15,000 ppm in the wash liquor or at a concentration that otherwise provides from about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm of softener active in the wash liquor. When the wash solvent is water, the water temperature typically ranges from about 5° C. to about 90° C. and, when the fabric comprises a fabric, the water to fabric ratio is typically from about 1:1 to about 30:1.

A fabric treated with a liquid fabric enhancer according to Paragraphs F) through K) is disclosed.

A method of treating and/or cleaning a fabric, said method comprising

-   -   a) optionally washing and/or rinsing said fabric;     -   b) contacting said fabric with a liquid fabric enhancer         according to Paragraphs F) through K);     -   c) optionally washing and/or rinsing said fabric; and     -   d) optionally passively or actively drying said fabric is         disclosed.

The use of the fabric enhancer according to any of Paragraphs F) through K) to soften a fabric is disclosed.

Test Methods

Molecular Weight Distribution

Weight-average molecular weight (M_(w)) values were determined as follows. Sample molecular weights were determined on an Agilent 1260 HPLC system equipped with autosampler, column oven, and refractive index detector. The operating system was OpenLAB CDS ChemStation Workstation (A.01.03). Data storage and analysis were performed with Cirrus GPC offline, GPC/SEC Software for ChemStation, version 3.4. Chromatographic conditions are given in Table 3. In carrying out the calculation, the results were calibrated using polystyrene reference samples having known molecular weights. Measurements of M_(w) values vary by 5% or less. The molecular weight analyses were determined using a chloroform mobile phase.

TABLE 3 Parameter Conditions Column Set Three ResiPore columns (Agilent #1113-6300) in series with guard column (Agilent #1113-1300) Particle size: 3 μm Column dimensions: 300 × 7.5 mm Mobile Phase Chloroform Flow Rate 1 mL/min, needle wash is included Column Temperature 40° C. Injection Volume 20 μL Detector Refractive Index Detector Temperature 40° C. Table 4 shows the molecular weights and the retention times of the polystyrene standards.

TABLE 4 Standard Number Average Reported MW Retention Time (mm) 1 150,000 19.11 2 100,000 19.63 3 70,000 20.43 4 50,000 20.79 5 30,000 21.76 6 9,000 23.27 7 5,000 23.86 8 1,000 27.20 9 500 28.48

Iodine Value

Another aspect of the invention provides a method to measure the iodine value of the branched polyester polymer. The iodine value is determined using AOCS Official Method Cd 1-25 with the following modifications: carbon tetrachloride solvent is replaced with chloroform (25 ml), an accuracy check sample (oleic acid 99%, Sigma-Aldrich; IV=89.86±2.00 cg/g) is added to the sample set, and the reported IV is corrected for minor contribution from olefins identified when

Softness Testing Performance of Fabric Softener

To evaluate the efficacy of a fabric softener composition for delivering a fabric softening benefit, North America Kenmore 80 Series top-loading washing machines were used. Each machine was set to run a Normal single cycle including a 12 minute wash agitation period, and 1 three-minute rinse. The water used was 137 ppm hardness and 25° C. for the wash, and 15.5° C. for the rinse. The water volume at each step was 64 Liters. The total fabric load weight was 3.6 kg (which includes 10 test fabric hand towel terry cloths, and the remaining ballast consisting of half cotton fabric only and half 50/50 poly-cotton blend). The detergent used was TIDE ORIGINAL SCENT liquid detergent (produced by The Procter & Gamble Company). 84.3 g of detergent was dosed into the wash water while the wash water was filling. This was followed by the wash agitation (Normal setting), and the rinse step (with corresponding spin cycle). Fabric softener composition was added into the rinse cycle as the rinse water was ⅔ filled, dosed at 48.5 g. After the wash process was completed, the fabrics were removed. The test fabrics were machine dried in Kenmore dryers on Cotton/High setting, for 50 minutes. The steps of washing and drying were repeated two more times. After the third wash and dry cycle, the test fabrics were equilibrated for 24 hours in a 70F/50% Relative Humidity controlled room. After the test fabric terry cloths had equilibrated, the kinematic coefficient of friction of each terry was evaluated using a Thwing Albert Friction/Peel Tester FP-2250 by attaching a swatch cut from the terry cloth to a sled and dragging the sled over a portion of the remaining terry cloth at a fixed rate. The kinetic coefficient of friction data reported were all measured using the same method and instrumentation. The average for the 10 terry cloths washed in the respective product are reported.

EXAMPLES

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Example 1

A branched polyester is produced as follows: A carbinol terminated polydimethylsiloxane, DMS-C21 (47.80 g; Available from Gelest, Inc., Morrisville, Pa.) is combined with a branched polyester, Hyperrrier LP1 LQ-(AP) (30.00 g; Available from Croda International Plc, East Yorkshire, UK), para-toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate (0.08 g; Available from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) and toluene (200 mL). The mixture is refluxed with stirring for 18 hours, with utilization of a Dean-Stark apparatus for liberated water collection. The toluene is removed under reduced pressure and heat via rotary evaporation to yield a viscous liquid.

Example 2

A branched polyester is produced as follows: A carbinol terminated polydimethylsiloxane, DMS-C15 (29.85 g; Available from Gelest, Inc., Morrisville, Pa.) is combined with a branched polyester, Solsperse 3000 (50.00 g; Available from The Lubrizol Corp., Wickliffe, Ohio), 11-aminoundecanoic acid, (6.01 g; Available from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) and cumene sulfonic acid (7.17 g; Available from Nease, West Chester, Ohio). The mixture is heated with stirring and nitrogen sweep for 16 hours at 160° C., cooled, centrifuged and upper layer isolated to yield the branched polyester as a viscous liquid.

Example 3

A branched polyester is produced as follows: A carbinol terminated polydimethylsiloxane, DMS-C21 (149.25 g; Available from Gelest, Inc., Morrisville, Pa.) is combined with a branched polyester, Solsperse 3000 (50.00 g; Available from The Lubrizol Corp., Wickliffe, Ohio), beta-alanine, (2.66 g; Available from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) and cumene sulfonic acid (6.58 g; Available from Nease, West Chester, Ohio). The mixture is heated with stirring and nitrogen sweep for 16 hours at 160° C., cooled, centrifuged and upper layer isolated to yield the branched polyester as a viscous liquid.

Example 4

A branched polyester is produced as follows: A carbinol terminated polydimethylsiloxane, DMS-C21 (149.25 g; Available from Gelest, Inc., Morrisville, Pa.) is combined with a branched polyester, Solsperse 3000 (50.00 g; Available from The Lubrizol Corp., Wickliffe, Ohio), L-glutamic acid, (2.20 g; Available from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) and cumene sulfonic acid (3.29 g; Available from Nease, West Chester, Ohio). The mixture is heated with stirring and nitrogen sweep for 16 hours at 160° C., cooled, centrifuged and upper layer isolated to yield the branched polyester as a viscous liquid.

Examples 5: Liquid Fabric Enhancer

Liquid Fabric Enhancers are prepared by mixing together ingredients shown below:

EXAMPLE COMPOSITION 5A 5B Fabric Softener Active¹ 8.0 7.5 Quaternized polyacrylamide² 0.135 0.135 Polyester Polymer From Example 1 4.0 2.0 Water soluble dialkyl quat³ 0.2 0.2 Water, emulsifiers, perfume, suds q.s. to 100% q.s. to 100% suppressor, stabilizers, preservative, pH = 3.0 pH = 3.0 antioxidant, chelant, pH control agents, buffers, dyes & other optional ingredients The liquid fabric enhancers provided by the formula above is made by combining such ingredients in accordance with the method of making provided in this specification. Fabrics are washed in the compositions shown in Example 1 and friction performance is measured using methods shown in the Methods Section. The data are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Softness Performance of Liquid Fabric Enhancers Downy Fabric Nil Fabric Example 5A Example 5B Softener Softener Average coefficient of 1.14 1.16 1.26 1.62 friction Standard Deviation 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 As shown in Table 1, compositions comprising the said polyester polymer give significantly lower kinetic coefficient of friction than Downy Fabric Softener and fabrics which were not treated with any fabric softener.

Examples 6: Liquid Fabric Enhancer

Liquid Fabric Enhancer are prepared by mixing together ingredients shown below:

EXAMPLE COMPOSITION 6A 6B 6C Fabric Softener Active¹ 8 8 8 Quaternized polyacrylamide² 0.135 0.135 0.135 Polyester Polymer from 4.0 2.0 6.0 Example 1 to 4 and mixtures thereof Water soluble dialkyl quat³ 2.0 0.2 0.2 Water, emulsifiers, suds q.s. to 100% q.s. to 100% q.s. to 100% suppressor, perfume, pH = 3.0 pH = 3.0 pH = 3.0 stabilizers, preservative, antioxidant, chelant, pH control agents, buffers, dyes & other optional ingredients

The liquid fabric enhancers provided by the formula above are made by combining the listed ingredients in accordance with the method of making provided in this specification. Fabrics are washed in the compositions shown in Example 1 and friction performance is measured using methods shown in the Methods Section.

Examples 7: Liquid Fabric Enhancer

Liquid Fabric Enhancers are prepared by mixing together ingredients shown below:

EXAMPLE COMPOSITION 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F 7G Fabric Softener Active¹ 7.4 5.5 — — — 9.0 7.8 Fabric Softener Active⁴ 7.4 5.5 Quaternized polyacrylamide² 0.175 0.175 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 Polyester Polymer from Example 4.4 5.5 4.4 4.4 5.5 2.2 2.2 1 to 4 and mixtures thereof Water soluble dialkyl quat⁴ 2.3 3.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Perfume 1.75 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 Perfume capsule⁵ 0.138 0.138 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Amino-functional organosiloxane 1.0 3.0 2.4 2.4 1.8 1.2 1.2 polymer⁶ Water, emulsifiers, suds q.s. to q.s. to q.s. to q.s. to q.s. to q.s. to q.s. to suppressor, stabilizers, 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% preservative, antioxidant, chelant, pH = pH = pH = pH = pH = pH = pH = pH control agents, buffers, dyes 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 & other optional ingredients The composition provided by the formula above is made by combining such ingredients in accordance with the method of making provided in this specification. ¹N,N-di(alkanoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride where alkyl consists predominately of C16-C18 alkyl chains with an IV value of about 20 available from Evonik Corp of Hopewell, VA. ²Cationic polyacrylamide polymer such as a copolymer of acrylamide/[2-(acryloylamino)ethyl]tri-methylammonium chloride (quaternized dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate) available from BASF, AG, Ludwigshafen. ³Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride under the trade name Bardac ® 2280 available from Lonza Ltd. of Basel Switzerland or Hydrogenated tallowalkyl(2-ethylhexyl)dimethyl ammonium methylsulfate from AkzoNobel. ⁴Methyl bis[ethyl (tallowate)]-2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl sulfate available from Stepan Company, Northfield, IL. ⁵Perfume capsules available from Encapsys, Inc, Appleton, WI ⁶Propoxylated Amino-functional organosiloxane polymer as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,748,646

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm”

Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application and any patent application or patent to which this application claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A branched polyester having: I) Formula 1

wherein: a) the index n is an integer from 1 to about 100; b) T is a hydrogen or —C(O)—R₁ where in R₁ is an alkyl chain comprising from 7 to 21 carbon atoms; c) each A is independently a branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 4 to 40 carbon atoms; d) Y is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and NR₂, wherein each R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, or a C₁-C₈ alkyl; e) Q is selected from the group consisting of: i) —B ii) —Z—X—Z—W, and iii) —V—U—Z—X—Z—W wherein B is a substituted C₁-C₂₄ alkyl group; each Z is independently a substituted or unsubstituted divalent C₂-C₄₀ alkylene radical; X is polysiloxane moiety; W is selected from the group consisting of —OR₄,

each R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or a C₁-C₈ alkyl; R₄ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₄ alkyl group or a substituted C₁-C₂₄ alkyl group; V is a C₁-C₂₄ divalent alkylene radical or a substituted C₁-C₂₄ divalent alkylene; U is —C(O)O— or —C(O)NH—; and/or II) Formula 2

wherein: a) each index n is independently an integer from 1 to about 100; b) T is a hydrogen atom or —C(O)—R₁ where in R₁ is an alkyl chain comprising from 7 to 21 carbon atoms; c) each A is independently a branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 4 to 40 carbon atoms; d) each Y is independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and NR₂, wherein each R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or a C₁-C₈ alkyl; e) M is selected from the group consisting of: i) a C₁-C₂₄ divalent linear or branched alkylene radical; ii) —Z—X—Z—; and iii) -(D-U—Z—X—Z—U)_(m)-D- wherein:  m is an integer from 1 to about 10;  each Z is independently a substituted or unsubstituted  divalent C2-C40 alkylene radical;  X is polysiloxane moiety;  U is —C(O)O— or —C(O)NH—; and each D is independently a C₁-C₂₄ divalent linear or branched alkylene radical.
 2. A branched polyester according to claim 1 having: I) Formula 1

wherein: a) the index n is an integer from 4 to about 40; b) T is a hydrogen or —C(O)—R₁ wherein R₁ is an alkyl chain comprising from 11 to 17 carbon atoms; c) each A is independently a branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 12 to 20 carbon atoms; d) Y is selected from —O— and

e) Q is selected from the group consisting of: i) —B; and ii) —Z—X—Z—W wherein B is a substituted C₁-C₂₄ alkyl group; each Z is independently a substituted or unsubstituted divalent C₂-C₂₀ alkylene; each R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or a C₁-C₈ alkyl; each R₆ is independently a hydrogen or methyl; each s is independently an integer from about 2 to about 4; each w is independently an integer from 1 to about 10; X is polysiloxane moiety having the formula

wherein each R₃ is independently selected from the group consisting of H; C₁-C₃₂ alkyl; C₁-C₃₂ substituted alkyl, C₅-C₃₂ or C₆-C₃₂ aryl, C₅-C₃₂ or C₆-C₃₂ substituted aryl; C₆-C₃₂ alkylaryl, C₆-C₃₂ substituted alkylaryl, and C₁-C₃₂ alkoxy moieties; and j is an integer from 5 to about 1000; W is selected from the group consisting of —OR₄,

each R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or a C₁-C₈ alkyl; R₄ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₄ alkyl group or a substituted C₁-C₂₄ alkyl group, said substituents being from 1 to 4 functional moieties selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine, quaternary ammonium group and mixtures thereof, C₅-C₃₂ or C₆-C₃₂ aryl, C₅-C₃₂ or C₆-C₃₂ substituted aryl; C₆-C₃₂ alkylaryl, and C₆-C₃₂ substituted alkylaryl; and/or II) Formula 2

wherein: a) each index n is independently an integer from 1 to about 100; b) T is a hydrogen atom or —C(O)—R₁ wherein R₁ is an alkyl chain comprising from 11 to 17 carbon atoms; c) each A is independently a branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 12 to 20 carbon atoms; d) each Y is independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and NR₂, wherein each R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or a C₁-C₈ alkyl; e) M is selected from the group consisting of: i) a C₁-C₂₄ divalent linear or branched alkylene radical, said C₁-C₂₄ divalent linear or branched alkylene radical comprising one to four functional groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine, quaternary ammonium group and mixtures thereof; ii) —Z—X—Z— iii) -(D-U—Z—X—Z—U)_(m)-D-  wherein:  m is an integer from 1 to about 10;  each Z is independently a substituted or unsubstituted divalent C₂-C₂₀ alkylene; X is polysiloxane moiety, having the formula:

wherein each R₃ is independently selected from the group consisting of H; C₁-C₃₂ alkyl; C₁-C₃₂ substituted alkyl, C₅-C₃₂ or C₆-C₃₂ aryl; C₅-C₃₂ or C₆-C₃₂ substituted aryl; C₆-C₃₂ alkylaryl; C₆-C₃₂ substituted alkylaryl; and C₁-C₃₂ alkoxy moieties; and j is an integer from 5 to about 1000; U is —C(O)O— or —C(O)NH—; and each D is independently a C₁-C₂₄ divalent linear or branched alkylene radical that comprises one to four functional groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine, quaternary ammonium group and mixtures thereof.
 3. A branched polyester polymer according to claim 1 wherein said branched polyester polymers having Formula 1 and Formula 2 each have a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 g/mol to about 400,000 g/mol.
 4. A branched polyester polymer according to claim 1, wherein each A of said branched polyester polymers is independently a branched hydrocarbon with the structure

wherein each R₇ is a monovalent alkyl or substituted alkyl group and R₈ is an unsaturated or saturated divalent alkylene radical comprising from 1 to about 24 carbon atoms.
 5. A branched polyester polymer according to claim 1, wherein each A of said branched polyester polymers has the structure:


6. A branched polyester polymer according to claim 1, wherein said branched polyester polymers each have an iodine value from about 0 to about
 90. 7. A liquid fabric enhancer comprising, based on total liquid fabric enhancer weight, from about 1% to about 50% of a branched polyester according to claim
 1. 8. The liquid fabric enhancer according to claim 7, said liquid fabric enhancer having a pH of from about 2 to about
 5. 9. A liquid fabric enhancer according to claim 7, said liquid fabric enhancer comprising, based on total liquid fabric enhancer weight, from about 1% to 50% of a fabric softener active.
 10. A liquid fabric enhancer according to claim 9, wherein said fabric softening active is a quaternary ammonium ester of the following formula: {R2(4−m)-N+-[X—Y—R1]m}A- wherein: m is 1, 2 or 3 with proviso that the value of each m is identical; each R1 is independently hydrocarbyl, or branched hydrocarbyl group; each R2 is independently a C₁-C₃ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group; each X is independently —(CH₂)n-, —CH₂—CH(CH₃)— or —CH—(CH₃)—CH₂— and each n is independently 1, 2, 3 or 4; each Y is independently —O—(O)C— or —C(O)—O—; A- is independently selected from the group consisting of chloride, methyl sulfate, and ethyl sulfate; with the proviso that when Y is —O—(O)C—, the sum of carbons in each R1 is from 13 to
 21. 11. The liquid fabric enhancer according to claim 9, wherein said fabric softening active is selected from the group consisting of ester quats, amide quats, imidazoline quats, alkyl quats, amidoester quats and combinations thereof.
 12. The liquid fabric enhancer according to claim 9, wherein said fabric softening active is selected from the group consisting of bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-dimethylammonium methylsulphate fatty acid ester, 1,2-di(acyloxy)-3-trimethylammoniopropane chloride, N, N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-bis(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl)N-(2 hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl ammonium methylsulfate, N,N-bis-(stearoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium methylsulphate, N,N-bis-(tallowoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium methylsulphate, N,N-bis-(palmitoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium methylsulphate, N,N-bis-(stearoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride, 1, 2 di (stearoyl-oxy) 3 trimethyl ammoniumpropane chloride, dicanoladimethylammonium chloride, di(hard)tallowdimethylammonium chloride dicanoladimethylammonium methylsulfate, dipalmethyl hydroxyethylammonium methosulfate, and mixtures thereof.
 13. A liquid fabric enhancer according to claim 7, said liquid fabric enhancer comprising, based on total liquid fabric enhancer weight, a material selected from the group consisting of one or more of the following: a) from about 0.001% to about 15% of an anionic surfactant scavenger; b) from about 0.01% to about 10%, of a delivery enhancing agent; c) from about 0.005% to about 30% of a perfume; d) from about 0.005% to about 30% of a perfume delivery system, e) from about 0.0001% to about 10% of a hueing dye; f) from about 0.0001% to about 10% of a dye transfer inhibiting agent; g) from about 0.01% to about 20% of a structurant; h) from about 0.05% to about 20% of a fabric care benefit agent; i) from about 0.05% to about 10% a surfactant; j) a carrier; and k) mixtures thereof.
 14. The liquid fabric enhancer according to claim 13, said liquid fabric enhancer comprising said perfume delivery system, where said perfume delivery system comprises a perfume capsule comprising a shell and a core comprising perfume, said shell encapsulating said core.
 15. The liquid fabric enhancer according to claim 14, wherein said shell comprises a polyacrylate and/or an aminoplast.
 16. A liquid fabric enhancer according to claim 13 wherein: a) said anionic surfactant scavenger comprises a water soluble cationic and/or zwitterionic scavenger compound; b) said delivery enhancing agent comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a cationic polymer having a charge density from about 0.05 milliequivalent/g to about 23 milliequivalent per gram of polymer, an amphoteric polymer having a charge density from about 0.05 milliequivalent/g to about 23 milliequivalent per gram of polymer, a protein having a charge density from about 0.05 milliequivalent/g to about 23 milliequivalent per gram of protein and mixtures thereof; c) said perfume delivery system is selected from the group consisting of Polymer Assisted Delivery system, Molecule-Assisted Delivery system, Cyclodextrin system, Starch Encapsulated Accord system, Zeolite & Inorganic Carrier system, and mixtures thereof d) said hueing dye comprising a moiety selected the group consisting of acridine, anthraquinone, azine, azo, benzodifurane and benzodifuranone, carotenoid, coumarin, cyanine, diazahemicyanine, diphenylmethane, formazan, hemicyanine, indigoid, methane, naphthalimide, naphthoquinone, nitro and nitroso, oxazine, phthalocyanine, pyrazole, stilbene, styryl, triarylmethane, triphenylmethane, xanthene and mixtures thereof; e) said dye transfer inhibiting agent is selected from the group consisting polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinylimidazoles or mixtures thereof; f) said structurant is selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated castor oil, gellan gum, starches, derivatized starches, carrageenan, guar gum, pectin, xanthan gum, modified celluloses, microcrystalline celluloses modified proteins, hydrogenated polyalkylenes, non-hydrogenated polyalkenes, inorganic salts, clay, homo- and co-polymers comprising cationic monomers selected from the group consisting of N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methyl methacrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methyl methacrylate, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, and mixtures thereof; g) said fabric care benefit agent is selected from the group consisting of polyglycerol esters, oily sugar derivatives, wax emulsions, silicones, polyisobutylene, polyolefins and mixtures thereof; h) said surfactant is selected from the group consisting of, nonionic surfactants, ampholytic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof i) said carrier is selected from the group consisting of water, 1,2-propanediol, hexylene glycol, ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol, C₁-C₄ alkanolamines, salts, sugars, polyalkylene oxides; polyethylene glycols; polypropylene oxide, and mixtures thereof.
 17. A liquid fabric enhancer according to claim 13 wherein: a) said anionic surfactant scavenger is selected from the group consisting of monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, amine precursors of monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, dialkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, and amine precursors of dialkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, polyquaternary ammonium compounds, amine precursors of polyquaternary ammonium compounds, and mixtures thereof; b) said delivery enhancing agent is selected from the group consisting of cationic polysaccaharides, polyethyleneimine and its derivatives, polyamidoamines and homopolymers, copolymers and terpolymers made from one or more cationic monomers selected from the group consisting of N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methyl methacrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methyl methacrylate, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, vinylamine and its derivatives, allylamine and its derivatives, vinyl imidazole, quaternized vinyl imidazole and diallyl dialkyl ammonium chloride and combinations thereof, and optionally a second monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, N,N-dialkyl acrylamide, methacrylamide, N,N-dialkylmethacrylamide, C₁₋C₁₂ alkyl acrylate, C₁₋C₁₂ hydroxyalkyl acrylate, polyalkylene glyol acrylate, C₁₋C₁₂ alkyl methacrylate, C₁₋C₁₂hydroxyalkyl methacrylate, polyalkylene glycol methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, vinyl formamide, vinyl acetamide, vinyl alkyl ether, vinyl pyridine, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl imidazole and derivatives, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, acrylamidopropylmethane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and their salts, and combinations thereof.
 18. A fabric treated with a liquid fabric enhancer according to claim
 7. 19. A method of treating and/or cleaning a fabric, said method comprising a) optionally washing and/or rinsing said fabric; b) contacting said fabric with a liquid fabric enhancer according to claim 7; c) optionally washing and/or rinsing said fabric; and d) optionally passively or actively drying said fabric. 